Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will exper...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3304 |
| _version_ | 1797470848544669696 |
|---|---|
| author | Jochen Greiner Marlies Götz Verena Wais |
| author_facet | Jochen Greiner Marlies Götz Verena Wais |
| author_sort | Jochen Greiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will experience relapse. In patients older than 60 years, the results are even worse. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. One promising approach in high-risk leukemia to prevent relapse is the induction of the immune system simultaneously or after reduction of the initial tumor burden. Different immunotherapeutic approaches such as allogenic stem cell transplantation or donor lymphocyte infusions are already standard therapies, but other options for AML treatment are in the pipeline. Moreover, the therapeutic landscape in AML is rapidly changing, and in the last years, a number of immunogenic targets structures eligible for specific therapy, risk assessment or evaluation of disease course were determined. For example, leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) showed to be critical as biomarkers of disease state and survival, as well as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD). Yet many mechanisms and properties are still insufficiently understood, which also represents a great potential for this form of therapy. Therefore, targeted therapy as immunotherapy could turn into an efficient tool to clear residual disease, improve the outcome of AML patients and reduce the relapse risk. In this review, established but also emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for AML patients will be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:41:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfcb6be2336e4586bee4f831d1a66974 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:41:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfcb6be2336e4586bee4f831d1a669742023-11-24T01:36:52ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-03-01236330410.3390/ijms23063304Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AMLJochen Greiner0Marlies Götz1Verena Wais2Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonie Hospital Stuttgart, 70176 Stuttgart, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, GermanyAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. The standard of care in medically and physically fit patients is intensive induction therapy. The majority of these intensively treated patients achieve a complete remission. However, a high number of these patients will experience relapse. In patients older than 60 years, the results are even worse. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. One promising approach in high-risk leukemia to prevent relapse is the induction of the immune system simultaneously or after reduction of the initial tumor burden. Different immunotherapeutic approaches such as allogenic stem cell transplantation or donor lymphocyte infusions are already standard therapies, but other options for AML treatment are in the pipeline. Moreover, the therapeutic landscape in AML is rapidly changing, and in the last years, a number of immunogenic targets structures eligible for specific therapy, risk assessment or evaluation of disease course were determined. For example, leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) showed to be critical as biomarkers of disease state and survival, as well as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD). Yet many mechanisms and properties are still insufficiently understood, which also represents a great potential for this form of therapy. Therefore, targeted therapy as immunotherapy could turn into an efficient tool to clear residual disease, improve the outcome of AML patients and reduce the relapse risk. In this review, established but also emerging immunotherapeutic approaches for AML patients will be discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3304acute myeloid leukemiaimmunotherapyleukemia-associated antigensmolecular mechanismstarget structures |
| spellingShingle | Jochen Greiner Marlies Götz Verena Wais Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML International Journal of Molecular Sciences acute myeloid leukemia immunotherapy leukemia-associated antigens molecular mechanisms target structures |
| title | Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML |
| title_full | Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML |
| title_fullStr | Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML |
| title_full_unstemmed | Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML |
| title_short | Increasing Role of Targeted Immunotherapies in the Treatment of AML |
| title_sort | increasing role of targeted immunotherapies in the treatment of aml |
| topic | acute myeloid leukemia immunotherapy leukemia-associated antigens molecular mechanisms target structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/6/3304 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jochengreiner increasingroleoftargetedimmunotherapiesinthetreatmentofaml AT marliesgotz increasingroleoftargetedimmunotherapiesinthetreatmentofaml AT verenawais increasingroleoftargetedimmunotherapiesinthetreatmentofaml |