Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support
PdO nanoparticles were deposited on several supports (β-zeolite, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, and SiO<sub>2</sub>), which displayed different crystallinity, textural properties, and amount of acid and basic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Catalysts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1309 |
| _version_ | 1797548140223528960 |
|---|---|
| author | Juan Antonio Cecilia Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez Virginia Torres-Bujalance Cristina García-Sancho Ramón Moreno-Tost Pedro Maireles-Torres |
| author_facet | Juan Antonio Cecilia Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez Virginia Torres-Bujalance Cristina García-Sancho Ramón Moreno-Tost Pedro Maireles-Torres |
| author_sort | Juan Antonio Cecilia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | PdO nanoparticles were deposited on several supports (β-zeolite, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, and SiO<sub>2</sub>), which displayed different crystallinity, textural properties, and amount of acid and basic sites. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption isotherms at −196 °C, NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> thermoprogrammed desorption analyses (NH<sub>3</sub>- and CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pd-based catalysts were tested in the oxidative condensation of furfural with ethanol to obtain value-added chemicals. The catalytic results revealed high conversion values, although the presence of a high proportion of carbonaceous deposits, mainly in the case of the PdO supported on β-zeolite and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, is also noteworthy. The presence of basic sites led to a beneficial effect on the catalytic behavior, since the formation of carbonaceous deposits was minimized. Thus, the 2Pd-MgO (2 wt.% Pd) catalyst reached the highest yield of furan-2-acrolein (70%) after 3 h of reaction at 170 °C. This better catalytic performance can be explained by the high basicity of MgO, used as support, together with the large amount of available PdO, as inferred from XPS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:54:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfce5e86377f4c7e88d91fcaccd78297 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:54:14Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfce5e86377f4c7e88d91fcaccd782972023-11-20T20:43:31ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442020-11-011011130910.3390/catal10111309Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the SupportJuan Antonio Cecilia0Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez1Virginia Torres-Bujalance2Cristina García-Sancho3Ramón Moreno-Tost4Pedro Maireles-Torres5Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainDepartamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, SpainPdO nanoparticles were deposited on several supports (β-zeolite, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, and SiO<sub>2</sub>), which displayed different crystallinity, textural properties, and amount of acid and basic sites. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption isotherms at −196 °C, NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> thermoprogrammed desorption analyses (NH<sub>3</sub>- and CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pd-based catalysts were tested in the oxidative condensation of furfural with ethanol to obtain value-added chemicals. The catalytic results revealed high conversion values, although the presence of a high proportion of carbonaceous deposits, mainly in the case of the PdO supported on β-zeolite and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, is also noteworthy. The presence of basic sites led to a beneficial effect on the catalytic behavior, since the formation of carbonaceous deposits was minimized. Thus, the 2Pd-MgO (2 wt.% Pd) catalyst reached the highest yield of furan-2-acrolein (70%) after 3 h of reaction at 170 °C. This better catalytic performance can be explained by the high basicity of MgO, used as support, together with the large amount of available PdO, as inferred from XPS.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1309furfuraloxidative condensationfuran-2-acroleinPd-based catalysts |
| spellingShingle | Juan Antonio Cecilia Carmen Pilar Jiménez-Gómez Virginia Torres-Bujalance Cristina García-Sancho Ramón Moreno-Tost Pedro Maireles-Torres Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support Catalysts furfural oxidative condensation furan-2-acrolein Pd-based catalysts |
| title | Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support |
| title_full | Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support |
| title_fullStr | Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support |
| title_short | Oxidative Condensation of Furfural with Ethanol Using Pd-Based Catalysts: Influence of the Support |
| title_sort | oxidative condensation of furfural with ethanol using pd based catalysts influence of the support |
| topic | furfural oxidative condensation furan-2-acrolein Pd-based catalysts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/10/11/1309 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT juanantoniocecilia oxidativecondensationoffurfuralwithethanolusingpdbasedcatalystsinfluenceofthesupport AT carmenpilarjimenezgomez oxidativecondensationoffurfuralwithethanolusingpdbasedcatalystsinfluenceofthesupport AT virginiatorresbujalance oxidativecondensationoffurfuralwithethanolusingpdbasedcatalystsinfluenceofthesupport AT cristinagarciasancho oxidativecondensationoffurfuralwithethanolusingpdbasedcatalystsinfluenceofthesupport AT ramonmorenotost oxidativecondensationoffurfuralwithethanolusingpdbasedcatalystsinfluenceofthesupport AT pedromairelestorres oxidativecondensationoffurfuralwithethanolusingpdbasedcatalystsinfluenceofthesupport |