Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index
BackgroundFast eating has been positively associated with visceral fat accumulation in normal-weight individuals according to body mass index (BMI). However, previous studies have not examined energy and nutrients, or adjusted for food intake. We examined the relationship between eating speed and vi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1341240/full |
| _version_ | 1797265560955781120 |
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| author | Yuri Yaguchi Tsuneo Konta Nahomi Imaeda Chiho Goto Yoshiyuki Ueno Takamasa Kayama |
| author_facet | Yuri Yaguchi Tsuneo Konta Nahomi Imaeda Chiho Goto Yoshiyuki Ueno Takamasa Kayama |
| author_sort | Yuri Yaguchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundFast eating has been positively associated with visceral fat accumulation in normal-weight individuals according to body mass index (BMI). However, previous studies have not examined energy and nutrients, or adjusted for food intake. We examined the relationship between eating speed and visceral fat accumulation, using waist circumference as an index, in middle-aged participants who were considered to be of standard weight according to BMI, with nutrient intake added as an adjustment factor.MethodsWe included 6,548 Japanese participants (3,875 men and 2,673 women) aged 40–74 years with BMI 18.5–25.0 kg/m2 who were enrolled in the Yamagata Cohort Study. Participants were divided into “fast,” “normal,” and “slow” eaters according to self-reported eating speed. Nutrient and food intake were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and the difference in intake by eating speed and sex was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between waist circumference obesity (men ≥85 cm, women ≥90 cm, according to Japanese criteria) and eating speed, adjusted for nutrient intake and other lifestyle habits.ResultsIn men, slow eaters had greater intakes of dietary protein, fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 PUFA, total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soybean products, fish, green and yellow vegetables, other vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed in comparison with normal-speed eaters. In men, waist circumference obesity was significantly lower among slow eaters than in the group with normal eating speed. In women, waist circumference obesity was not significantly associated with eating speed and was not also associated with nutrient/food consumption except omega-6 PUFA.ConclusionEating slowly was associated with healthy dietary habits. Our results could help prevent waist circumference obesity in men with a BMI between 18.5 and 25.0 kg/m2. However, similar findings were not observed in women, suggesting a sex difference. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:46:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfd111c11ad8426ea35a6dbd49fb9cce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:46:45Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfd111c11ad8426ea35a6dbd49fb9cce2024-03-12T04:42:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2024-03-011110.3389/fnut.2024.13412401341240Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass indexYuri Yaguchi0Tsuneo Konta1Nahomi Imaeda2Chiho Goto3Yoshiyuki Ueno4Takamasa Kayama5Department of Education, Art, and Sciences, Yamagata University, Yamagata, JapanDepartment of Public Health, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata, JapanDepartment of Nutrition, Shigakkan University, Obu, JapanDepartment of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya Bunri University, Inazawa, JapanFaculty of Medicine, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University, Yamagata, JapanFaculty of Medicine, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University, Yamagata, JapanBackgroundFast eating has been positively associated with visceral fat accumulation in normal-weight individuals according to body mass index (BMI). However, previous studies have not examined energy and nutrients, or adjusted for food intake. We examined the relationship between eating speed and visceral fat accumulation, using waist circumference as an index, in middle-aged participants who were considered to be of standard weight according to BMI, with nutrient intake added as an adjustment factor.MethodsWe included 6,548 Japanese participants (3,875 men and 2,673 women) aged 40–74 years with BMI 18.5–25.0 kg/m2 who were enrolled in the Yamagata Cohort Study. Participants were divided into “fast,” “normal,” and “slow” eaters according to self-reported eating speed. Nutrient and food intake were evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and the difference in intake by eating speed and sex was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between waist circumference obesity (men ≥85 cm, women ≥90 cm, according to Japanese criteria) and eating speed, adjusted for nutrient intake and other lifestyle habits.ResultsIn men, slow eaters had greater intakes of dietary protein, fat, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 PUFA, total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, soybean products, fish, green and yellow vegetables, other vegetables, mushrooms, and seaweed in comparison with normal-speed eaters. In men, waist circumference obesity was significantly lower among slow eaters than in the group with normal eating speed. In women, waist circumference obesity was not significantly associated with eating speed and was not also associated with nutrient/food consumption except omega-6 PUFA.ConclusionEating slowly was associated with healthy dietary habits. Our results could help prevent waist circumference obesity in men with a BMI between 18.5 and 25.0 kg/m2. However, similar findings were not observed in women, suggesting a sex difference.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1341240/fullwaist circumference obesitynormal weightslow eatingdietsex difference |
| spellingShingle | Yuri Yaguchi Tsuneo Konta Nahomi Imaeda Chiho Goto Yoshiyuki Ueno Takamasa Kayama Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index Frontiers in Nutrition waist circumference obesity normal weight slow eating diet sex difference |
| title | Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index |
| title_full | Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index |
| title_fullStr | Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index |
| title_short | Sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed: a cross-sectional study of Japanese people with normal body mass index |
| title_sort | sex differences in waist circumference obesity and eating speed a cross sectional study of japanese people with normal body mass index |
| topic | waist circumference obesity normal weight slow eating diet sex difference |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1341240/full |
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