Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System
The proposal that the genetic code was formed on the basis of (proto)tRNA Dimer-Directed Protein Synthesis is reviewed and updated. The tRNAs paired through the anticodon loops are an indication on the process. Dimers are considered mimics of the ribosomes—structures that hold tRNAs together and fac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2017-04-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/7/2/16 |
| _version_ | 1811302210521268224 |
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| author | Romeu Cardoso Guimarães |
| author_facet | Romeu Cardoso Guimarães |
| author_sort | Romeu Cardoso Guimarães |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The proposal that the genetic code was formed on the basis of (proto)tRNA Dimer-Directed Protein Synthesis is reviewed and updated. The tRNAs paired through the anticodon loops are an indication on the process. Dimers are considered mimics of the ribosomes—structures that hold tRNAs together and facilitate the transferase reaction, and of the translation process—anticodons are at the same time codons for each other. The primitive protein synthesis system gets stabilized when the product peptides are stable and apt to bind the producers therewith establishing a self-stimulating production cycle. The chronology of amino acid encoding starts with Glycine and Serine, indicating the metabolic support of the Glycine-Serine C1-assimilation pathway, which is also consistent with evidence on origins of bioenergetics mechanisms. Since it is not possible to reach for substrates simpler than C1 and compounds in the identified pathway are apt for generating the other central metabolic routes, it is considered that protein synthesis is the beginning and center of a succession of sink-effective mechanisms that drive the formation and evolution of the metabolic flow system. Plasticity and diversification of proteins construct the cellular system following the orientation given by the flow and implementing it. Nucleic acid monomers participate in bioenergetics and the polymers are conservative memory systems for the synthesis of proteins. Protoplasmic fission is the final sink-effective mechanism, part of cell reproduction, guaranteeing that proteins don’t accumulate to saturation, which would trigger inhibition. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:23:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfd6077c84114f2699d74aa890f1d1e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:23:59Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfd6077c84114f2699d74aa890f1d1e82022-12-22T02:56:33ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292017-04-01721610.3390/life7020016life7020016Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow SystemRomeu Cardoso Guimarães0Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, BrasilThe proposal that the genetic code was formed on the basis of (proto)tRNA Dimer-Directed Protein Synthesis is reviewed and updated. The tRNAs paired through the anticodon loops are an indication on the process. Dimers are considered mimics of the ribosomes—structures that hold tRNAs together and facilitate the transferase reaction, and of the translation process—anticodons are at the same time codons for each other. The primitive protein synthesis system gets stabilized when the product peptides are stable and apt to bind the producers therewith establishing a self-stimulating production cycle. The chronology of amino acid encoding starts with Glycine and Serine, indicating the metabolic support of the Glycine-Serine C1-assimilation pathway, which is also consistent with evidence on origins of bioenergetics mechanisms. Since it is not possible to reach for substrates simpler than C1 and compounds in the identified pathway are apt for generating the other central metabolic routes, it is considered that protein synthesis is the beginning and center of a succession of sink-effective mechanisms that drive the formation and evolution of the metabolic flow system. Plasticity and diversification of proteins construct the cellular system following the orientation given by the flow and implementing it. Nucleic acid monomers participate in bioenergetics and the polymers are conservative memory systems for the synthesis of proteins. Protoplasmic fission is the final sink-effective mechanism, part of cell reproduction, guaranteeing that proteins don’t accumulate to saturation, which would trigger inhibition.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/7/2/16genetic code(proto)tRNA Dimer-Directed Protein Synthesisself-referencemodularityerror-compensationmetabolism chronologyprotein stabilitypunctuation |
| spellingShingle | Romeu Cardoso Guimarães Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System Life genetic code (proto)tRNA Dimer-Directed Protein Synthesis self-reference modularity error-compensation metabolism chronology protein stability punctuation |
| title | Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System |
| title_full | Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System |
| title_fullStr | Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System |
| title_short | Self-Referential Encoding on Modules of Anticodon Pairs—Roots of the Biological Flow System |
| title_sort | self referential encoding on modules of anticodon pairs roots of the biological flow system |
| topic | genetic code (proto)tRNA Dimer-Directed Protein Synthesis self-reference modularity error-compensation metabolism chronology protein stability punctuation |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/7/2/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT romeucardosoguimaraes selfreferentialencodingonmodulesofanticodonpairsrootsofthebiologicalflowsystem |