Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ
The pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/985 |
| _version_ | 1797409562444169216 |
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| author | Giulia Caioni Angelo Viscido Michele d’Angelo Gloria Panella Vanessa Castelli Carmine Merola Giuseppe Frieri Giovanni Latella Annamaria Cimini Elisabetta Benedetti |
| author_facet | Giulia Caioni Angelo Viscido Michele d’Angelo Gloria Panella Vanessa Castelli Carmine Merola Giuseppe Frieri Giovanni Latella Annamaria Cimini Elisabetta Benedetti |
| author_sort | Giulia Caioni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulation of the gut immune system resulting in over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence underlines the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the environment, the microbiota seems to play a crucial role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert pleiotropic effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, inflammatory/immune processes, cell proliferation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, PPARs modulate interactions with several environmental factors, including microbiota. A significantly impaired PPARγ expression was observed in UC patients’ colonic epithelial cells, suggesting that the disruption of PPARγ signaling may represent a critical step of the IBD pathogenesis. This paper will focus on the role of PPARγ in the interaction between environmental factors and IBD, and it will analyze the most suitable in vitro and in vivo models available to better study these relationships. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:16:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfd8f3427cb642ab8db0d581bfc744b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:16:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfd8f3427cb642ab8db0d581bfc744b22023-12-03T13:53:14ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122398510.3390/ijms22030985Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγGiulia Caioni0Angelo Viscido1Michele d’Angelo2Gloria Panella3Vanessa Castelli4Carmine Merola5Giuseppe Frieri6Giovanni Latella7Annamaria Cimini8Elisabetta Benedetti9Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyThe pathophysiological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), i.e., Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are still not completely understood. The exact etiology remains unknown, but it is well established that the pathogenesis of the inflammatory lesions is due to a dysregulation of the gut immune system resulting in over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence underlines the involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the environment, the microbiota seems to play a crucial role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert pleiotropic effects on glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, inflammatory/immune processes, cell proliferation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, PPARs modulate interactions with several environmental factors, including microbiota. A significantly impaired PPARγ expression was observed in UC patients’ colonic epithelial cells, suggesting that the disruption of PPARγ signaling may represent a critical step of the IBD pathogenesis. This paper will focus on the role of PPARγ in the interaction between environmental factors and IBD, and it will analyze the most suitable in vitro and in vivo models available to better study these relationships.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/985PPARγpathophysiological processes of IBDenvironmental factorsIBD models |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Caioni Angelo Viscido Michele d’Angelo Gloria Panella Vanessa Castelli Carmine Merola Giuseppe Frieri Giovanni Latella Annamaria Cimini Elisabetta Benedetti Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ International Journal of Molecular Sciences PPARγ pathophysiological processes of IBD environmental factors IBD models |
| title | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
| title_full | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
| title_short | Inflammatory Bowel Disease: New Insights into the Interplay between Environmental Factors and PPARγ |
| title_sort | inflammatory bowel disease new insights into the interplay between environmental factors and pparγ |
| topic | PPARγ pathophysiological processes of IBD environmental factors IBD models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/985 |
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