| Summary: | While surveying the mycobiomes of dead woody litter in Yunnan Province, China, numerous isolates with affinity to <i>Pleosporales</i> (<i>Dothideomycetes</i>, <i>Ascomycota</i>) were recovered. The present work characterizes two species associated with dead woody twigs found in terrestrial habitats in the Kunming area of Yunnan. The novel taxa were recognized based on a polyphasic approach, including morphological examination and multiple gene phylogenetic analyses (non-translated loci and protein-coding regions). <i>Neokalmusia</i> <i>jonahhulmei</i> sp. nov. is introduced in <i>Didymosphaeriaceae</i> (<i>Pleosporales</i>) as a woody-based saprobic ascomycete that possesses multiloculate ascostromata immersed under a black clypeus-like structure, and three-septate, brown, fusiform, guttulate ascospores. <i>Thyridaria jonahhulmei</i> (<i>Thyridariaceae</i>) is introduced with teleomorphic and anamorphic (coelomycetous) characteristics. The teleomorph has the following characteristics: globose to subglobose ascomata with an ostiolum, a pruinose layer of yellow to reddish- or orange-brown material appearing around the top of the ostiolar necks, and brown, ellipsoid to fusoid, two-to-three-septate, euseptate, rough-walled ascospores; the anamorph features pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic, ampulliform to doliiform, conidiogenous cells, and brown, guttulate, ellipsoidal, aseptate conidia.
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