An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control
This paper proposes an adaptive shift schedule design framework based on dynamic programming (DP) algorithm and fuzzy logical control to promote the shift schedule’s adaptability whilst improving the comprehensive performance of the multi-gear automated manual transmission (AMT) electric vehicles in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Machines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/9/915 |
| _version_ | 1797579115343118336 |
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| author | Xiaodong Liu Juan Du Xingqun Cheng Yan Zhu Jian Ma |
| author_facet | Xiaodong Liu Juan Du Xingqun Cheng Yan Zhu Jian Ma |
| author_sort | Xiaodong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes an adaptive shift schedule design framework based on dynamic programming (DP) algorithm and fuzzy logical control to promote the shift schedule’s adaptability whilst improving the comprehensive performance of the multi-gear automated manual transmission (AMT) electric vehicles in real-time application. First, the DP algorithm is employed to extract an offline optimal gear-shift schedule based on a set of driving conditions, including 11 groups of typical driving cycles. Second, a fuzzy logical controller is formulated considering the variation in the vehicle load and acceleration, where a velocity increment is exported online to adjust the gear-shift velocity of the predesigned DP-based schedule to develop a Fuzzy-DP shift schedule. In addition, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is utilized to construct a comprehensive shift schedule by simultaneously considering the dynamic and economic performance of the vehicle. Then, the dynamic and economic shift schedules are deployed as the benchmark to examine the performance of the proposed shift schedule. Finally, the effectiveness of the Fuzzy-DP shift schedule is evaluated by comparison with others under various combined driving cycles (including vehicle load and velocity). The comparisons demonstrate the remarkable promotion in the adaptability of the Fuzzy-DP shift schedule in terms of acceleration time, energy-saving potential, and shift frequency. The most significant improvements in the dynamic, economic, and shift frequency can reach 8.86%, 10.12%, and 8.56%, respectively, in contrast to the MOPSO-based shift schedule. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:32:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bfffc57c9057479ba543b0f717ad0b02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1702 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:32:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Machines |
| spelling | doaj.art-bfffc57c9057479ba543b0f717ad0b022023-11-19T11:41:06ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022023-09-0111991510.3390/machines11090915An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical ControlXiaodong Liu0Juan Du1Xingqun Cheng2Yan Zhu3Jian Ma4School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaSchool of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaSchool of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaThis paper proposes an adaptive shift schedule design framework based on dynamic programming (DP) algorithm and fuzzy logical control to promote the shift schedule’s adaptability whilst improving the comprehensive performance of the multi-gear automated manual transmission (AMT) electric vehicles in real-time application. First, the DP algorithm is employed to extract an offline optimal gear-shift schedule based on a set of driving conditions, including 11 groups of typical driving cycles. Second, a fuzzy logical controller is formulated considering the variation in the vehicle load and acceleration, where a velocity increment is exported online to adjust the gear-shift velocity of the predesigned DP-based schedule to develop a Fuzzy-DP shift schedule. In addition, multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is utilized to construct a comprehensive shift schedule by simultaneously considering the dynamic and economic performance of the vehicle. Then, the dynamic and economic shift schedules are deployed as the benchmark to examine the performance of the proposed shift schedule. Finally, the effectiveness of the Fuzzy-DP shift schedule is evaluated by comparison with others under various combined driving cycles (including vehicle load and velocity). The comparisons demonstrate the remarkable promotion in the adaptability of the Fuzzy-DP shift schedule in terms of acceleration time, energy-saving potential, and shift frequency. The most significant improvements in the dynamic, economic, and shift frequency can reach 8.86%, 10.12%, and 8.56%, respectively, in contrast to the MOPSO-based shift schedule.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/9/915shift scheduleAMTelectric vehiclesdynamic programmingfuzzy logical control |
| spellingShingle | Xiaodong Liu Juan Du Xingqun Cheng Yan Zhu Jian Ma An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control Machines shift schedule AMT electric vehicles dynamic programming fuzzy logical control |
| title | An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control |
| title_full | An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control |
| title_fullStr | An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control |
| title_short | An Adaptive Shift Schedule Design Method for Multi-Gear AMT Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming and Fuzzy Logical Control |
| title_sort | adaptive shift schedule design method for multi gear amt electric vehicles based on dynamic programming and fuzzy logical control |
| topic | shift schedule AMT electric vehicles dynamic programming fuzzy logical control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/11/9/915 |
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