Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats
The establishment of stress resilient sugar beets (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is an important breeding goal since this cash crop is susceptible to drought and salinity. The genetic diversity in cultivated sugar beets is low and the beet wild relatives are useful genetic resources for tolerance tra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01293/full |
| _version_ | 1818854261895725056 |
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| author | Isa Catarina Ribeiro Carla Pinheiro Carla Pinheiro Carla Maria Ribeiro Maria Manuela Veloso Maria Manuela Veloso Maria Cristina Simões-Costa Isabel Evaristo Octávio Salgueiro Paulo Cândido Pinto Ricardo |
| author_facet | Isa Catarina Ribeiro Carla Pinheiro Carla Pinheiro Carla Maria Ribeiro Maria Manuela Veloso Maria Manuela Veloso Maria Cristina Simões-Costa Isabel Evaristo Octávio Salgueiro Paulo Cândido Pinto Ricardo |
| author_sort | Isa Catarina Ribeiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The establishment of stress resilient sugar beets (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is an important breeding goal since this cash crop is susceptible to drought and salinity. The genetic diversity in cultivated sugar beets is low and the beet wild relatives are useful genetic resources for tolerance traits. Three wild beet populations (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from contrasting environments, Vaiamonte (VMT, dry inland hill), Comporta (CMP, marsh) and Oeiras (OEI, coastland), and one commercial sugar beet (Isella variety, SB), are compared. At the genetic level, the use of six microsatellite allowed to detect a total of seventy six alleles. It was observed that CMP population has the highest value concerning the effective number of alleles and of expected heterozygosity. By contrast, sugar beet has the lowest values for all the parameters considered. Loci analysis with STRUCTURE allows defining three genetic clusters, the sea beet (OEI and CMP), the inland ruderal beet (VMT) and the sugar beet (SB). A screening test for progressive drought and salinity effects demonstrated that: all populations were able to recover from severe stress; drought impact was higher than that from salinity; the impact on biomass (total, shoot, root) was population specific. The distinct strategies were also visible at physiological level. We evaluated the physiological responses of the populations under drought and salt stress, namely at initial stress stages, late stress stages and early stress recovery. Multivariate analysis showed that the physiological performance can be used to discriminate between genotypes, with a strong contribution of leaf temperature and leaf osmotic adjustment. However, the separation achieved and the groups formed are dependent on the stress type, stress intensity and duration. Each of the wild beet populations evaluated is very rich in genetic terms (allelic richness) and exhibited physiological plasticity, i.e. the capacity to physiologically adjust to changing environments. These characteristics emphasize the importance of the wild beet ecotypes for beet improvement programs. Two striking ecotypes are VMT, which is the best to cope with drought and salinity, and CMP which has the highest root to shoot ratio. These genotypes can supply breeding programs with distinct goals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:49:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c006f2d51471463fb2476a3b24c24efc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T07:49:54Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c006f2d51471463fb2476a3b24c24efc2022-12-21T20:30:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2016-08-01710.3389/fpls.2016.01293193305Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitatsIsa Catarina Ribeiro0Carla Pinheiro1Carla Pinheiro2Carla Maria Ribeiro3Maria Manuela Veloso4Maria Manuela Veloso5Maria Cristina Simões-Costa6Isabel Evaristo7Octávio Salgueiro Paulo8Cândido Pinto Ricardo9Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL)Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL)Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa3Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaINIAV-Oeiras, Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAFUniversidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, LEAFINIAV-Oeiras, Unidade de Investigação de Sistemas Agrários e Florestais3Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaInstituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL)The establishment of stress resilient sugar beets (Beta vulgaris spp. vulgaris) is an important breeding goal since this cash crop is susceptible to drought and salinity. The genetic diversity in cultivated sugar beets is low and the beet wild relatives are useful genetic resources for tolerance traits. Three wild beet populations (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from contrasting environments, Vaiamonte (VMT, dry inland hill), Comporta (CMP, marsh) and Oeiras (OEI, coastland), and one commercial sugar beet (Isella variety, SB), are compared. At the genetic level, the use of six microsatellite allowed to detect a total of seventy six alleles. It was observed that CMP population has the highest value concerning the effective number of alleles and of expected heterozygosity. By contrast, sugar beet has the lowest values for all the parameters considered. Loci analysis with STRUCTURE allows defining three genetic clusters, the sea beet (OEI and CMP), the inland ruderal beet (VMT) and the sugar beet (SB). A screening test for progressive drought and salinity effects demonstrated that: all populations were able to recover from severe stress; drought impact was higher than that from salinity; the impact on biomass (total, shoot, root) was population specific. The distinct strategies were also visible at physiological level. We evaluated the physiological responses of the populations under drought and salt stress, namely at initial stress stages, late stress stages and early stress recovery. Multivariate analysis showed that the physiological performance can be used to discriminate between genotypes, with a strong contribution of leaf temperature and leaf osmotic adjustment. However, the separation achieved and the groups formed are dependent on the stress type, stress intensity and duration. Each of the wild beet populations evaluated is very rich in genetic terms (allelic richness) and exhibited physiological plasticity, i.e. the capacity to physiologically adjust to changing environments. These characteristics emphasize the importance of the wild beet ecotypes for beet improvement programs. Two striking ecotypes are VMT, which is the best to cope with drought and salinity, and CMP which has the highest root to shoot ratio. These genotypes can supply breeding programs with distinct goals.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01293/fullbiomasspopulation structureCrop wild relativesPhysiological characterizationAllele richness |
| spellingShingle | Isa Catarina Ribeiro Carla Pinheiro Carla Pinheiro Carla Maria Ribeiro Maria Manuela Veloso Maria Manuela Veloso Maria Cristina Simões-Costa Isabel Evaristo Octávio Salgueiro Paulo Cândido Pinto Ricardo Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats Frontiers in Plant Science biomass population structure Crop wild relatives Physiological characterization Allele richness |
| title | Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats |
| title_full | Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats |
| title_fullStr | Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats |
| title_short | Genetic diversity and physiological performance of Portuguese wild beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima) from three contrasting habitats |
| title_sort | genetic diversity and physiological performance of portuguese wild beet beta vulgaris spp maritima from three contrasting habitats |
| topic | biomass population structure Crop wild relatives Physiological characterization Allele richness |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpls.2016.01293/full |
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