Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i>
Exploration of seaweeds to unravel their bioactive metabolites from the perspective of wider applications gained substantial importance. The present study was performed to investigate the total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential of various solvent e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/21/5/278 |
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| author | Sivagaami Palaniyappan Arun Sridhar Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Guillermo Téllez-Isaías Thirumurugan Ramasamy |
| author_facet | Sivagaami Palaniyappan Arun Sridhar Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Guillermo Téllez-Isaías Thirumurugan Ramasamy |
| author_sort | Sivagaami Palaniyappan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exploration of seaweeds to unravel their bioactive metabolites from the perspective of wider applications gained substantial importance. The present study was performed to investigate the total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential of various solvent extracts of green seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i>. The methanolic extract showed higher phenolic (11.99 ± 0.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), tannin (18.59 ± 0.54 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and flavonoid (33.17 ± 0.76 mg quercetin equivalents/g) content than other extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay with different concentrations of <i>C. racemosa</i> extracts. The methanolic extract showed higher scavenging potential in both the DPPH and ABTS activity with the inhibition value of 54.21 ± 1.39% and 76.62 ± 1.08%, respectively. Bioactive profiling was also identified by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. These studies revealed the presence of valuable bioactive compounds in <i>C. racemosa</i> extracts and these compounds might be responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-mutagenic properties. Major compounds identified in GC-MS were 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3-hexadecene and Phthalic acid. In terms of antibacterial activity, <i>C. racemosa</i> has promising antibacterial potential against aquatic pathogens <i>Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii</i> and <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>. Further evaluation studies focusing aquatic related aspects would reveal the novel bioproperties and applications of <i>C. racemosa</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:33:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c00924193610490f8dd3bb3d9e5b40fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:33:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-c00924193610490f8dd3bb3d9e5b40fa2023-11-18T02:12:46ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972023-04-0121527810.3390/md21050278Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i>Sivagaami Palaniyappan0Arun Sridhar1Zulhisyam Abdul Kari2Guillermo Téllez-Isaías3Thirumurugan Ramasamy4Laboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, IndiaImmunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, BelgiumDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, MalaysiaDepartment of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USALaboratory of Aquabiotics/Nanoscience, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, IndiaExploration of seaweeds to unravel their bioactive metabolites from the perspective of wider applications gained substantial importance. The present study was performed to investigate the total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential of various solvent extracts of green seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i>. The methanolic extract showed higher phenolic (11.99 ± 0.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), tannin (18.59 ± 0.54 mg tannic acid equivalents/g) and flavonoid (33.17 ± 0.76 mg quercetin equivalents/g) content than other extracts. Antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay with different concentrations of <i>C. racemosa</i> extracts. The methanolic extract showed higher scavenging potential in both the DPPH and ABTS activity with the inhibition value of 54.21 ± 1.39% and 76.62 ± 1.08%, respectively. Bioactive profiling was also identified by using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. These studies revealed the presence of valuable bioactive compounds in <i>C. racemosa</i> extracts and these compounds might be responsible for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-mutagenic properties. Major compounds identified in GC-MS were 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3-hexadecene and Phthalic acid. In terms of antibacterial activity, <i>C. racemosa</i> has promising antibacterial potential against aquatic pathogens <i>Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii</i> and <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i>. Further evaluation studies focusing aquatic related aspects would reveal the novel bioproperties and applications of <i>C. racemosa</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/21/5/278antibacterial activityantioxidant activitybioactive compoundsGC-MSseaweed |
| spellingShingle | Sivagaami Palaniyappan Arun Sridhar Zulhisyam Abdul Kari Guillermo Téllez-Isaías Thirumurugan Ramasamy Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> Marine Drugs antibacterial activity antioxidant activity bioactive compounds GC-MS seaweed |
| title | Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> |
| title_full | Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> |
| title_short | Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Pigment Content, In Vitro Antioxidant, Antibacterial Potential and GC-MS Metabolite Profiling of Green Seaweed <i>Caulerpa racemosa</i> |
| title_sort | evaluation of phytochemical screening pigment content in vitro antioxidant antibacterial potential and gc ms metabolite profiling of green seaweed i caulerpa racemosa i |
| topic | antibacterial activity antioxidant activity bioactive compounds GC-MS seaweed |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/21/5/278 |
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