Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications
In recent years, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have become important precursors for environmental and energy applications, compared with inorganic electrode materials, due to their ease of preparation, facile charge storage process, π-conjugated structures, relatively high thermal and chemi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/2025 |
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| author | Mohamed Gamal Mohamed Tharwat Hassan Mansoure Maha Mohamed Samy Yasuno Takashi Ahmed A. K. Mohammed Tansir Ahamad Saad M. Alshehri Jeonghun Kim Babasaheb M. Matsagar Kevin C.-W. Wu Shiao-Wei Kuo |
| author_facet | Mohamed Gamal Mohamed Tharwat Hassan Mansoure Maha Mohamed Samy Yasuno Takashi Ahmed A. K. Mohammed Tansir Ahamad Saad M. Alshehri Jeonghun Kim Babasaheb M. Matsagar Kevin C.-W. Wu Shiao-Wei Kuo |
| author_sort | Mohamed Gamal Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have become important precursors for environmental and energy applications, compared with inorganic electrode materials, due to their ease of preparation, facile charge storage process, π-conjugated structures, relatively high thermal and chemical stability, abundance in nature, and high surface areas. Therefore, in this study, we designed and prepared new benzobisthiadiazole (BBT)-linked CMPs (BBT–CMPs) using a simple Sonogashira couplings reaction by reaction of 4,8-dibromobenzo(1,2-c;4,5-c′)bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT–Br<sub>2</sub>) with ethynyl derivatives of triphenylamine (TPA-T), pyrene (Py-T), and tetraphenylethene (TPE-T), respectively, to afford TPA–BBT–CMP, Py–BBT–CMP, and TPE–BBT–CMP. The chemical structure and properties of BBT–CMPs such as surface areas, pore size, surface morphologies, and thermal stability using different measurements were discussed in detail. Among the studied BBT–CMPs, we revealed that TPE–BBT–CMP displayed high degradation temperature, up to 340 °C, with high char yield and regular, aggregated sphere based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Furthermore, the Py–BBT–CMP as organic electrode showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 228 F g<sup>−1</sup> and superior capacitance stability of 93.2% (over 2000 cycles). Based on theoretical results, an important role of BBT–CMPs, due to their electronic structure, was revealed to be enhancing the charge storage. Furthermore, all three CMP polymers featured a high conjugation system, leading to improved electron conduction and small bandgaps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:09:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c00b7c5f541d45348009e154d5eab20c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:09:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c00b7c5f541d45348009e154d5eab20c2023-11-30T21:44:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01276202510.3390/molecules27062025Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage ApplicationsMohamed Gamal Mohamed0Tharwat Hassan Mansoure1Maha Mohamed Samy2Yasuno Takashi3Ahmed A. K. Mohammed4Tansir Ahamad5Saad M. Alshehri6Jeonghun Kim7Babasaheb M. Matsagar8Kevin C.-W. Wu9Shiao-Wei Kuo10Center of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EgyptCenter of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanCenter of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, TaiwanCenter of Crystal Research, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanIn recent years, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have become important precursors for environmental and energy applications, compared with inorganic electrode materials, due to their ease of preparation, facile charge storage process, π-conjugated structures, relatively high thermal and chemical stability, abundance in nature, and high surface areas. Therefore, in this study, we designed and prepared new benzobisthiadiazole (BBT)-linked CMPs (BBT–CMPs) using a simple Sonogashira couplings reaction by reaction of 4,8-dibromobenzo(1,2-c;4,5-c′)bis(1,2,5)thiadiazole (BBT–Br<sub>2</sub>) with ethynyl derivatives of triphenylamine (TPA-T), pyrene (Py-T), and tetraphenylethene (TPE-T), respectively, to afford TPA–BBT–CMP, Py–BBT–CMP, and TPE–BBT–CMP. The chemical structure and properties of BBT–CMPs such as surface areas, pore size, surface morphologies, and thermal stability using different measurements were discussed in detail. Among the studied BBT–CMPs, we revealed that TPE–BBT–CMP displayed high degradation temperature, up to 340 °C, with high char yield and regular, aggregated sphere based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Furthermore, the Py–BBT–CMP as organic electrode showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 228 F g<sup>−1</sup> and superior capacitance stability of 93.2% (over 2000 cycles). Based on theoretical results, an important role of BBT–CMPs, due to their electronic structure, was revealed to be enhancing the charge storage. Furthermore, all three CMP polymers featured a high conjugation system, leading to improved electron conduction and small bandgaps.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/2025conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs)benzobisthiadiazolethermal stabilitybandgapsenergy storage |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Gamal Mohamed Tharwat Hassan Mansoure Maha Mohamed Samy Yasuno Takashi Ahmed A. K. Mohammed Tansir Ahamad Saad M. Alshehri Jeonghun Kim Babasaheb M. Matsagar Kevin C.-W. Wu Shiao-Wei Kuo Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications Molecules conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) benzobisthiadiazole thermal stability bandgaps energy storage |
| title | Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications |
| title_full | Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications |
| title_fullStr | Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications |
| title_short | Ultrastable Conjugated Microporous Polymers Containing Benzobisthiadiazole and Pyrene Building Blocks for Energy Storage Applications |
| title_sort | ultrastable conjugated microporous polymers containing benzobisthiadiazole and pyrene building blocks for energy storage applications |
| topic | conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) benzobisthiadiazole thermal stability bandgaps energy storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/6/2025 |
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