Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform
The diversity of patients pursuing facial aesthetic and facial gender-affirming surgery (FGAS) is increasing, yet there is a paucity of objective guidelines to facilitate surgical decision-making in patients of color. We conducted a quantitative analysis of black celebrities using standardized front...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4499 |
| _version_ | 1797591442459197440 |
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| author | Cristina A. Salinas Alice Liu Basel A. Sharaf |
| author_facet | Cristina A. Salinas Alice Liu Basel A. Sharaf |
| author_sort | Cristina A. Salinas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The diversity of patients pursuing facial aesthetic and facial gender-affirming surgery (FGAS) is increasing, yet there is a paucity of objective guidelines to facilitate surgical decision-making in patients of color. We conducted a quantitative analysis of black celebrities using standardized frontal photos of 21 female and 21 male celebrities. Celebrities were chosen from popular entertainment magazines and websites, including People Magazine, the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), Cosmopolitan, and Essence. For each celebrity, 100 facial landmarks were detected through a facial analysis artificial intelligence (AI) program. Black males had greater facial height, bizygomatic width, lower facial height, and bigonial width than females. However, the facial height to bigonial width ratio was similar between genders and approximated the golden ratio (1.618). Female faces demonstrated a greater mid-face height to total facial height proportion, and males had a greater lower facial height proportion. Females exhibited an upward-slanted medial brow and shorter total eyebrow length, nose height, and alar width. Forehead height above the lateral brow was greater in males, while central forehead height was similar to females. This is the first study that has utilized AI to provide ethnicity-specific facial morphometrics relevant to facial rejuvenation and FGAS in the black population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:37:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c012f136a6e44d33820bb6dfe1b14c28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:37:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c012f136a6e44d33820bb6dfe1b14c282023-11-18T16:54:45ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-07-011213449910.3390/jcm12134499Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence PlatformCristina A. Salinas0Alice Liu1Basel A. Sharaf2Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USADivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USADivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USAThe diversity of patients pursuing facial aesthetic and facial gender-affirming surgery (FGAS) is increasing, yet there is a paucity of objective guidelines to facilitate surgical decision-making in patients of color. We conducted a quantitative analysis of black celebrities using standardized frontal photos of 21 female and 21 male celebrities. Celebrities were chosen from popular entertainment magazines and websites, including People Magazine, the Internet Movie Database (IMDb), Cosmopolitan, and Essence. For each celebrity, 100 facial landmarks were detected through a facial analysis artificial intelligence (AI) program. Black males had greater facial height, bizygomatic width, lower facial height, and bigonial width than females. However, the facial height to bigonial width ratio was similar between genders and approximated the golden ratio (1.618). Female faces demonstrated a greater mid-face height to total facial height proportion, and males had a greater lower facial height proportion. Females exhibited an upward-slanted medial brow and shorter total eyebrow length, nose height, and alar width. Forehead height above the lateral brow was greater in males, while central forehead height was similar to females. This is the first study that has utilized AI to provide ethnicity-specific facial morphometrics relevant to facial rejuvenation and FGAS in the black population.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4499African Americanfacial aestheticsfacial morphologyfacial gender affirmationethnic sensitive facial aesthetic surgery |
| spellingShingle | Cristina A. Salinas Alice Liu Basel A. Sharaf Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform Journal of Clinical Medicine African American facial aesthetics facial morphology facial gender affirmation ethnic sensitive facial aesthetic surgery |
| title | Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform |
| title_full | Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform |
| title_fullStr | Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform |
| title_full_unstemmed | Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform |
| title_short | Facial Morphometrics in Black Celebrities: Contemporary Facial Analysis Using an Artificial Intelligence Platform |
| title_sort | facial morphometrics in black celebrities contemporary facial analysis using an artificial intelligence platform |
| topic | African American facial aesthetics facial morphology facial gender affirmation ethnic sensitive facial aesthetic surgery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/13/4499 |
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