Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention. These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission fr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809920303994 |
| _version_ | 1818551959451336704 |
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| author | Dayi Zhang Yunfeng Yang Miao Li Yun Lu Yi Liu Jingkun Jiang Ruiping Liu Jianguo Liu Xia Huang Guanghe Li Jiuhui Qu |
| author_facet | Dayi Zhang Yunfeng Yang Miao Li Yun Lu Yi Liu Jingkun Jiang Ruiping Liu Jianguo Liu Xia Huang Guanghe Li Jiuhui Qu |
| author_sort | Dayi Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention. These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans. Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases, both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats. Thus far, there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion, migration, and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective. In this review, we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses. We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society, including transmission routes, contact probability, contact frequency, and viral characteristics. Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier, ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms. Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases, and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility. In addition, globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas. This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases. It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:06:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c01ad1caa5a34ef991729681527f3802 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2095-8099 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T09:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-c01ad1caa5a34ef991729681527f38022022-12-22T00:29:39ZengElsevierEngineering2095-80992022-03-0110155166Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious DiseasesDayi Zhang0Yunfeng Yang1Miao Li2Yun Lu3Yi Liu4Jingkun Jiang5Ruiping Liu6Jianguo Liu7Xia Huang8Guanghe Li9Jiuhui Qu10School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Corresponding authors.School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Corresponding authors.The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concerns about several other pandemics in the 21st century have attracted extensive global attention. These emerging infectious diseases threaten global public health and raise urgent studies on unraveling the underlying mechanisms of their transmission from animals to humans. Although numerous works have intensively discussed the cross-species and endemic barriers to the occurrence and spread of emerging infectious diseases, both types of barriers play synergistic roles in wildlife habitats. Thus far, there is still a lack of a complete understanding of viral diffusion, migration, and transmission in ecosystems from a macro perspective. In this review, we conceptualize the ecological barrier that represents the combined effects of cross-species and endemic barriers for either the natural or intermediate hosts of viruses. We comprehensively discuss the key influential factors affecting the ecological barrier against viral transmission from virus hosts in their natural habitats into human society, including transmission routes, contact probability, contact frequency, and viral characteristics. Considering the significant impacts of human activities and global industrialization on the strength of the ecological barrier, ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities is critically analyzed for potential mechanisms. Global climate change can trigger and expand the range of emerging infectious diseases, and human disturbances promote higher contact frequency and greater transmission possibility. In addition, globalization drives more transmission routes and produces new high-risk regions in city areas. This review aims to provide a new concept for and comprehensive evidence of the ecological barrier blocking the transmission and spread of emerging infectious diseases. It also offers new insights into potential strategies to protect the ecological barrier and reduce the wide-ranging risks of emerging infectious diseases to public health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809920303994Emerging infectious diseasesVirusEcological barrier |
| spellingShingle | Dayi Zhang Yunfeng Yang Miao Li Yun Lu Yi Liu Jingkun Jiang Ruiping Liu Jianguo Liu Xia Huang Guanghe Li Jiuhui Qu Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases Engineering Emerging infectious diseases Virus Ecological barrier |
| title | Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| title_full | Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| title_short | Ecological Barrier Deterioration Driven by Human Activities Poses Fatal Threats to Public Health due to Emerging Infectious Diseases |
| title_sort | ecological barrier deterioration driven by human activities poses fatal threats to public health due to emerging infectious diseases |
| topic | Emerging infectious diseases Virus Ecological barrier |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095809920303994 |
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