Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point
There has been significant interest in exploring a stagnation point flow due to its numerous potential uses in engineering applications such as cooling of nuclear reactors. Hence, this study proposed a numerical analysis on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection at three-dimensional...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| author | Nurul Amira Zainal Roslinda Nazar Kohilavani Naganthran Ioan Pop |
| author_facet | Nurul Amira Zainal Roslinda Nazar Kohilavani Naganthran Ioan Pop |
| author_sort | Nurul Amira Zainal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There has been significant interest in exploring a stagnation point flow due to its numerous potential uses in engineering applications such as cooling of nuclear reactors. Hence, this study proposed a numerical analysis on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection at three-dimensional stagnation point flow in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Cu/H<sub>2</sub>O hybrid nanofluid over a permeable sheet. The ordinary differential equations are accomplished by simplifying the governing partial differential equations through suitable similarity transformation. The numerical computation is established by the MATLAB system software using the bvp4c technique. The bvp4c procedure is excellent in providing more than one solution once sufficient predictions are visible. The influence of certain functioning parameters is inspected, and notable results exposed that the rate of heat transfer is exaggerated along with the skin friction coefficient while the suction/injection and magnetic parameters are intensified. The results also signified that the rise in the volume fraction of the nanoparticle and the decline of the unsteadiness parameter demonstrates a downward attribution towards the heat transfer performance and skin friction coefficient. Conclusively, the observations are confirmed to have multiple solutions, which eventually contribute to an investigation of the analysis of the solution stability, thereby justifying the viability of the first solution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:18:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0205d73c4c94376b4779b83dc7744e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:18:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c0205d73c4c94376b4779b83dc7744e92023-12-03T12:43:21ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902021-03-019554910.3390/math9050549Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation PointNurul Amira Zainal0Roslinda Nazar1Kohilavani Naganthran2Ioan Pop3Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Mathematics, Babeş-Bolyai University, R-400084 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaThere has been significant interest in exploring a stagnation point flow due to its numerous potential uses in engineering applications such as cooling of nuclear reactors. Hence, this study proposed a numerical analysis on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection at three-dimensional stagnation point flow in Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–Cu/H<sub>2</sub>O hybrid nanofluid over a permeable sheet. The ordinary differential equations are accomplished by simplifying the governing partial differential equations through suitable similarity transformation. The numerical computation is established by the MATLAB system software using the bvp4c technique. The bvp4c procedure is excellent in providing more than one solution once sufficient predictions are visible. The influence of certain functioning parameters is inspected, and notable results exposed that the rate of heat transfer is exaggerated along with the skin friction coefficient while the suction/injection and magnetic parameters are intensified. The results also signified that the rise in the volume fraction of the nanoparticle and the decline of the unsteadiness parameter demonstrates a downward attribution towards the heat transfer performance and skin friction coefficient. Conclusively, the observations are confirmed to have multiple solutions, which eventually contribute to an investigation of the analysis of the solution stability, thereby justifying the viability of the first solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/5/549magnetohydrodynamicstagnation pointstability analysishybrid nanofluidmixed convection |
| spellingShingle | Nurul Amira Zainal Roslinda Nazar Kohilavani Naganthran Ioan Pop Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point Mathematics magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point stability analysis hybrid nanofluid mixed convection |
| title | Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point |
| title_full | Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point |
| title_fullStr | Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point |
| title_short | Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point |
| title_sort | unsteady mhd mixed convection flow in hybrid nanofluid at three dimensional stagnation point |
| topic | magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point stability analysis hybrid nanofluid mixed convection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/5/549 |
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