Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis
In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mRNA localization and translation at distal sites in axons and dendrites. The existing literature shows that local translation is regulated in a temporally and spatially restricted manner and is critical throughout e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.717170/full |
| _version_ | 1819081628357492736 |
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| author | Manasi Agrawal Kristy Welshhans |
| author_facet | Manasi Agrawal Kristy Welshhans |
| author_sort | Manasi Agrawal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mRNA localization and translation at distal sites in axons and dendrites. The existing literature shows that local translation is regulated in a temporally and spatially restricted manner and is critical throughout embryonic and post-embryonic life. Here, recent key findings about mRNA localization and local translation across the various stages of neural development, including neurogenesis, axon development, and synaptogenesis, are reviewed. In the early stages of development, mRNAs are localized and locally translated in the endfeet of radial glial cells, but much is still unexplored about their functional significance. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have provided new information about the specific mechanisms regulating local translation during axon development, including growth cone guidance and axon branching. Later in development, localization and translation of mRNAs help mediate the major structural and functional changes that occur in the axon during synaptogenesis. Clinically, changes in local translation across all stages of neural development have important implications for understanding the etiology of several neurological disorders. Herein, local translation and mechanisms regulating this process across developmental stages are compared and discussed in the context of function and dysfunction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:03:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c021838008914684b4fabffac230cc85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5099 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:03:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-c021838008914684b4fabffac230cc852022-12-21T18:51:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience1662-50992021-08-011410.3389/fnmol.2021.717170717170Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and SynaptogenesisManasi Agrawal0Kristy Welshhans1School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United StatesDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United StatesIn the past two decades, significant progress has been made in our understanding of mRNA localization and translation at distal sites in axons and dendrites. The existing literature shows that local translation is regulated in a temporally and spatially restricted manner and is critical throughout embryonic and post-embryonic life. Here, recent key findings about mRNA localization and local translation across the various stages of neural development, including neurogenesis, axon development, and synaptogenesis, are reviewed. In the early stages of development, mRNAs are localized and locally translated in the endfeet of radial glial cells, but much is still unexplored about their functional significance. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have provided new information about the specific mechanisms regulating local translation during axon development, including growth cone guidance and axon branching. Later in development, localization and translation of mRNAs help mediate the major structural and functional changes that occur in the axon during synaptogenesis. Clinically, changes in local translation across all stages of neural development have important implications for understanding the etiology of several neurological disorders. Herein, local translation and mechanisms regulating this process across developmental stages are compared and discussed in the context of function and dysfunction.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.717170/fulllocal translationneurodevelopmentneurodevelopmental disordersaxon growth and guidancesynaptogenesisradial glial cells |
| spellingShingle | Manasi Agrawal Kristy Welshhans Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience local translation neurodevelopment neurodevelopmental disorders axon growth and guidance synaptogenesis radial glial cells |
| title | Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis |
| title_full | Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis |
| title_short | Local Translation Across Neural Development: A Focus on Radial Glial Cells, Axons, and Synaptogenesis |
| title_sort | local translation across neural development a focus on radial glial cells axons and synaptogenesis |
| topic | local translation neurodevelopment neurodevelopmental disorders axon growth and guidance synaptogenesis radial glial cells |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2021.717170/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manasiagrawal localtranslationacrossneuraldevelopmentafocusonradialglialcellsaxonsandsynaptogenesis AT kristywelshhans localtranslationacrossneuraldevelopmentafocusonradialglialcellsaxonsandsynaptogenesis |