Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health
The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tunin...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2096 |
| _version_ | 1797497174131474432 |
|---|---|
| author | Cassandre Bedu-Ferrari Paul Biscarrat Philippe Langella Claire Cherbuy |
| author_facet | Cassandre Bedu-Ferrari Paul Biscarrat Philippe Langella Claire Cherbuy |
| author_sort | Cassandre Bedu-Ferrari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tuning the gut microbiota to confer health benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting gut microbes to modulate the composition and metabolic function of microbial communities are of increasing interest. One such dietary strategy is the use of prebiotics, which are defined as substrates that are selectively utilised by host microorganisms to confer a health benefit. A better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of prebiotics is essential to improve these nutritional strategies. In this review, we will present the concept of prebiotics, and focus on the main sources and nature of these components, which are mainly non-digestible polysaccharides. We will review the breakdown mechanisms of complex carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota and present short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as key molecules mediating the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Finally, we will review human studies exploring the potential of prebiotics in metabolic diseases, revealing the personalised responses to prebiotic ingestion. In conclusion, we hope that this review will be of interest to identify mechanistic factors for the optimization of prebiotic-based strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:14:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c02423ee5fbf46309dd901db8fb6f50b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:14:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-c02423ee5fbf46309dd901db8fb6f50b2023-11-23T12:29:59ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-05-011410209610.3390/nu14102096Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic HealthCassandre Bedu-Ferrari0Paul Biscarrat1Philippe Langella2Claire Cherbuy3Micalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceMicalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceMicalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceMicalis Institute, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceThe colon harbours a dynamic and complex community of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which constitutes the densest microbial ecosystem in the human body. These commensal gut microbes play a key role in human health and diseases, revealing the strong potential of fine-tuning the gut microbiota to confer health benefits. In this context, dietary strategies targeting gut microbes to modulate the composition and metabolic function of microbial communities are of increasing interest. One such dietary strategy is the use of prebiotics, which are defined as substrates that are selectively utilised by host microorganisms to confer a health benefit. A better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of prebiotics is essential to improve these nutritional strategies. In this review, we will present the concept of prebiotics, and focus on the main sources and nature of these components, which are mainly non-digestible polysaccharides. We will review the breakdown mechanisms of complex carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota and present short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as key molecules mediating the dialogue between the intestinal microbiota and the host. Finally, we will review human studies exploring the potential of prebiotics in metabolic diseases, revealing the personalised responses to prebiotic ingestion. In conclusion, we hope that this review will be of interest to identify mechanistic factors for the optimization of prebiotic-based strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2096gut microbiotaprebioticscarbohydrate metabolismhealth and well-beingshort-chain fatty acidspersonalised nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Cassandre Bedu-Ferrari Paul Biscarrat Philippe Langella Claire Cherbuy Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health Nutrients gut microbiota prebiotics carbohydrate metabolism health and well-being short-chain fatty acids personalised nutrition |
| title | Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health |
| title_full | Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health |
| title_fullStr | Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health |
| title_short | Prebiotics and the Human Gut Microbiota: From Breakdown Mechanisms to the Impact on Metabolic Health |
| title_sort | prebiotics and the human gut microbiota from breakdown mechanisms to the impact on metabolic health |
| topic | gut microbiota prebiotics carbohydrate metabolism health and well-being short-chain fatty acids personalised nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2096 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cassandrebeduferrari prebioticsandthehumangutmicrobiotafrombreakdownmechanismstotheimpactonmetabolichealth AT paulbiscarrat prebioticsandthehumangutmicrobiotafrombreakdownmechanismstotheimpactonmetabolichealth AT philippelangella prebioticsandthehumangutmicrobiotafrombreakdownmechanismstotheimpactonmetabolichealth AT clairecherbuy prebioticsandthehumangutmicrobiotafrombreakdownmechanismstotheimpactonmetabolichealth |