Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance
The liver is an essential immunological organ due to its gatekeeper position to bypassing antigens from the intestinal blood flow and microbial products from the intestinal commensals. The tissue-resident liver macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, represent key phagocytes that closely interact with lo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7249 |
| _version_ | 1797527053759676416 |
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| author | Siyer Roohani Frank Tacke |
| author_facet | Siyer Roohani Frank Tacke |
| author_sort | Siyer Roohani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The liver is an essential immunological organ due to its gatekeeper position to bypassing antigens from the intestinal blood flow and microbial products from the intestinal commensals. The tissue-resident liver macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, represent key phagocytes that closely interact with local parenchymal, interstitial and other immunological cells in the liver to maintain homeostasis and tolerance against harmless antigens. Upon liver injury, the pool of hepatic macrophages expands dramatically by infiltrating bone marrow-/monocyte-derived macrophages. The interplay of the injured microenvironment and altered macrophage pool skews the subsequent course of liver injuries. It may range from complete recovery to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge on the classification and role of hepatic macrophages in the healthy and injured liver. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:38:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c02fc57ff5a5402788f12e1f1205bd73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:38:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c02fc57ff5a5402788f12e1f1205bd732023-11-22T03:55:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-012214724910.3390/ijms22147249Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical RelevanceSiyer Roohani0Frank Tacke1Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, GermanyThe liver is an essential immunological organ due to its gatekeeper position to bypassing antigens from the intestinal blood flow and microbial products from the intestinal commensals. The tissue-resident liver macrophages, termed Kupffer cells, represent key phagocytes that closely interact with local parenchymal, interstitial and other immunological cells in the liver to maintain homeostasis and tolerance against harmless antigens. Upon liver injury, the pool of hepatic macrophages expands dramatically by infiltrating bone marrow-/monocyte-derived macrophages. The interplay of the injured microenvironment and altered macrophage pool skews the subsequent course of liver injuries. It may range from complete recovery to chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge on the classification and role of hepatic macrophages in the healthy and injured liver.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7249hepatic macrophagesKupffer cellsmonocyte-derived macrophagesacute liver injurychronic liver injuryNAFLD |
| spellingShingle | Siyer Roohani Frank Tacke Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance International Journal of Molecular Sciences hepatic macrophages Kupffer cells monocyte-derived macrophages acute liver injury chronic liver injury NAFLD |
| title | Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance |
| title_full | Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance |
| title_fullStr | Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance |
| title_short | Liver Injury and the Macrophage Issue: Molecular and Mechanistic Facts and Their Clinical Relevance |
| title_sort | liver injury and the macrophage issue molecular and mechanistic facts and their clinical relevance |
| topic | hepatic macrophages Kupffer cells monocyte-derived macrophages acute liver injury chronic liver injury NAFLD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7249 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT siyerroohani liverinjuryandthemacrophageissuemolecularandmechanisticfactsandtheirclinicalrelevance AT franktacke liverinjuryandthemacrophageissuemolecularandmechanisticfactsandtheirclinicalrelevance |