Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
Matrix gla protein (MGP) is an important vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. High levels of uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated MGP have been associated with vascular calcification and are responsive to vitamin K treatment. In this systematic review, we summarize the available evid...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2909 |
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| author | Caitlyn Vlasschaert Chloe J. Goss Nathan G. Pilkey Sandra McKeown Rachel M. Holden |
| author_facet | Caitlyn Vlasschaert Chloe J. Goss Nathan G. Pilkey Sandra McKeown Rachel M. Holden |
| author_sort | Caitlyn Vlasschaert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Matrix gla protein (MGP) is an important vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. High levels of uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated MGP have been associated with vascular calcification and are responsive to vitamin K treatment. In this systematic review, we summarize the available evidence examining whether vitamin K supplementation improves surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease including artery and valve calcification, atherosclerosis and artery stiffening. Data from controlled trials of adults were obtained by searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science Core Collection. We identified nine randomized controlled trials for review, including trials of vitamin K<sub>1</sub> or vitamin K<sub>2</sub> supplementation, that assessed a surrogate measure of cardiovascular disease including arterial calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffening. For each trial, the risk of bias was assessed applying Cochrane Collaboration methodology. The findings indicate that vitamin K does not consistently prevent progression of calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness. There may be some benefit in people with calcification at study entry. Studies were heterogenous, with relatively short follow-up and outcome measures were varied. While vitamin K supplementation clearly improves the carboxylation of dephosphoylated MGP, its role in mitigating vascular calcification is uncertain, based on current evidence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:07:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c031bbb7dd594ea8bf1d6f9dd757f1db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:07:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-c031bbb7dd594ea8bf1d6f9dd757f1db2023-11-20T14:48:33ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-09-011210290910.3390/nu12102909Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled TrialsCaitlyn Vlasschaert0Chloe J. Goss1Nathan G. Pilkey2Sandra McKeown3Rachel M. Holden4Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3V6, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3V6, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3V6, CanadaBracken Health Sciences Library, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V5, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3V6, CanadaMatrix gla protein (MGP) is an important vitamin K-dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. High levels of uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated MGP have been associated with vascular calcification and are responsive to vitamin K treatment. In this systematic review, we summarize the available evidence examining whether vitamin K supplementation improves surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease including artery and valve calcification, atherosclerosis and artery stiffening. Data from controlled trials of adults were obtained by searching Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Web of Science Core Collection. We identified nine randomized controlled trials for review, including trials of vitamin K<sub>1</sub> or vitamin K<sub>2</sub> supplementation, that assessed a surrogate measure of cardiovascular disease including arterial calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffening. For each trial, the risk of bias was assessed applying Cochrane Collaboration methodology. The findings indicate that vitamin K does not consistently prevent progression of calcification, atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness. There may be some benefit in people with calcification at study entry. Studies were heterogenous, with relatively short follow-up and outcome measures were varied. While vitamin K supplementation clearly improves the carboxylation of dephosphoylated MGP, its role in mitigating vascular calcification is uncertain, based on current evidence.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2909vitamin Kcardiovascular diseasevascular calcificationarterial stiffnessatherosclerosismatrix Gla protein |
| spellingShingle | Caitlyn Vlasschaert Chloe J. Goss Nathan G. Pilkey Sandra McKeown Rachel M. Holden Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials Nutrients vitamin K cardiovascular disease vascular calcification arterial stiffness atherosclerosis matrix Gla protein |
| title | Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials |
| title_full | Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials |
| title_short | Vitamin K Supplementation for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Where Is the Evidence? A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials |
| title_sort | vitamin k supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease where is the evidence a systematic review of controlled trials |
| topic | vitamin K cardiovascular disease vascular calcification arterial stiffness atherosclerosis matrix Gla protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/2909 |
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