Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations
Objectives: Since the beginning of its use for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in 1921, other uses of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) have been proposed, particularly in the treatment of malignant solid tumors, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Its beneficial impact on other infe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Jornal de Pediatria |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002175572200105X |
| _version_ | 1827985786870431744 |
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| author | Ekaterini Goudouris Carolina Sanchez Aranda Dirceu Solé |
| author_facet | Ekaterini Goudouris Carolina Sanchez Aranda Dirceu Solé |
| author_sort | Ekaterini Goudouris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Since the beginning of its use for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in 1921, other uses of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) have been proposed, particularly in the treatment of malignant solid tumors, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Its beneficial impact on other infections, by nontuberculous mycobacteria, and by viruses, has been more often studied in recent years, especially after the introduction of the concept of trained immunity. The present study's objective was to review the possible indications of BCG and the immunological rationale for these indications. Data source: Non-systematic review carried out in the PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, using the following search terms: “BCG” and “history”, “efficacy”, “use”, “cancer”, “trained immunity”, “other infections”, “autoimmune diseases”. Data synthesis: There is epidemiological evidence that BCG can reduce overall child morbidity/mortality beyond what would be expected from TB control. BCG is able to promote cross-immunity with nontuberculous mycobacteria and other bacteria. BCG promotes in vitro changes that increase innate immune response to other infections, mainly viral ones, through mechanisms known as trained immunity. Effects on cancer, except bladder cancer, and on autoimmune and allergic diseases are debatable. Conclusions: Despite evidence obtained from in vitro studies, and some epidemiological and clinical evidence, more robust evidence of in vivo efficacy is still needed to justify the use of BCG in clinical practice, in addition to what is recommended by the National Immunization Program for TB prevention and bladder cancer treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:20:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c043e2671dad4b06802475a5476e4590 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0021-7557 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:20:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jornal de Pediatria |
| spelling | doaj.art-c043e2671dad4b06802475a5476e45902023-03-22T04:35:44ZengElsevierJornal de Pediatria0021-75572023-03-0199S22S27Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendationsEkaterini Goudouris0Carolina Sanchez Aranda1Dirceu Solé2Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Serviço de Alergia e Imunologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Corresponding author.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, Disciplina de Alergia, Imunologia Clínica e Reumatologia, São Paulo, SP, BrazilObjectives: Since the beginning of its use for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) in 1921, other uses of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) have been proposed, particularly in the treatment of malignant solid tumors, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Its beneficial impact on other infections, by nontuberculous mycobacteria, and by viruses, has been more often studied in recent years, especially after the introduction of the concept of trained immunity. The present study's objective was to review the possible indications of BCG and the immunological rationale for these indications. Data source: Non-systematic review carried out in the PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases, using the following search terms: “BCG” and “history”, “efficacy”, “use”, “cancer”, “trained immunity”, “other infections”, “autoimmune diseases”. Data synthesis: There is epidemiological evidence that BCG can reduce overall child morbidity/mortality beyond what would be expected from TB control. BCG is able to promote cross-immunity with nontuberculous mycobacteria and other bacteria. BCG promotes in vitro changes that increase innate immune response to other infections, mainly viral ones, through mechanisms known as trained immunity. Effects on cancer, except bladder cancer, and on autoimmune and allergic diseases are debatable. Conclusions: Despite evidence obtained from in vitro studies, and some epidemiological and clinical evidence, more robust evidence of in vivo efficacy is still needed to justify the use of BCG in clinical practice, in addition to what is recommended by the National Immunization Program for TB prevention and bladder cancer treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002175572200105XBCGTrained immunityHeterologous protectionCancerAutoimmune diseases |
| spellingShingle | Ekaterini Goudouris Carolina Sanchez Aranda Dirceu Solé Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations Jornal de Pediatria BCG Trained immunity Heterologous protection Cancer Autoimmune diseases |
| title | Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations |
| title_full | Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations |
| title_fullStr | Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations |
| title_short | Implications of the non-specific effect induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on vaccine recommendations |
| title_sort | implications of the non specific effect induced by bacillus calmette guerin bcg vaccine on vaccine recommendations |
| topic | BCG Trained immunity Heterologous protection Cancer Autoimmune diseases |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002175572200105X |
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