Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens
Background and Aim: Antimicrobials are extensively used in poultry production for growth promotion as well as for the treatment and control of diseases, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Poor selection, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobial agents may promote the emergence and disse...
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Veterinary World
2024-02-01
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| 丛编: | Veterinary World |
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| 在线阅读: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/February-2024/28.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827338223367487488 |
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| author | Rebanta K. Bhattarai Hom B. Basnet Ishwari P. Dhakal Bhuminand Devkota |
| author_facet | Rebanta K. Bhattarai Hom B. Basnet Ishwari P. Dhakal Bhuminand Devkota |
| author_sort | Rebanta K. Bhattarai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Antimicrobials are extensively used in poultry production for growth promotion as well as for the treatment and control of diseases, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Poor selection, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobial agents may promote the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APEC. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in APEC isolated from clinical cases of colibacillosis in commercial broiler, layer, and breeder chickens.
Materials and Methods: A total of 487 APEC were isolated from 539 across 300 poultry farms in various regions of Nepal. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The index of AMR, such as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, resistance score (R-score), and multidrug resistance (MDR) profile, were determined. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect multiple ARGs and correlations between phenotypic and genotypic resistance were analyzed.
Results: The prevalence of APEC was 91% (487/539). All of these isolates were found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 41.7% of the isolates were resistant against 8–9 different antimicrobials. The antibiogram of APEC isolates overall showed the highest resistance against ampicillin (99.4%), whereas the highest intermediate resistance was observed in enrofloxacin (92%). The MAR index and R-score showed significant differences between broiler and layers, as well as between broiler breeder and layers. The number of isolates that were resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories tested was 446 (91.6%) and were classified as MDR-positive isolates. The ARGs were identified in 439 (90.1%) APEC isolates, including the most detected mobilized colistin resistance (mcr1) which was detected in the highest (52.6%) isolates. Overall, resistance gene of beta-lactam (blaTEM), mcr1, resistance gene of sulphonamide (sul1) and resistance gene of tetracycline (tetB) (in broiler), were detected in significantly higher than other tested genes (p < 0.001). When examining the pair-wise correlations, a significant phenotype-phenotype correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline with doxycycline. Similarly, a significant phenotype-genotype correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between chloramphenicol and the tetB, and colistin with blaTEM and resistance gene of quinolone (qnrA).
Conclusion: In this study, the current state of APEC AMR in commercial chickens is revealed for the first time in Nepal. We deciphered the complex nature of AMR in APEC populations. This information of molecular surveillance is useful to combat AMR in APEC and to contribute to manage APEC associated diseases and develop policies and guidelines to enhance the commercial chicken production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:11:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0483fab8b9542999e2c2651c488ab04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:11:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0483fab8b9542999e2c2651c488ab042024-03-01T01:39:40ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162024-02-0117248049910.14202/vetworld.2024.480-499Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickensRebanta K. Bhattarai0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-3814Hom B. Basnet1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3077-8660Ishwari P. Dhakal2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-0447Bhuminand Devkota3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-1759Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.Background and Aim: Antimicrobials are extensively used in poultry production for growth promotion as well as for the treatment and control of diseases, including avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Poor selection, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobial agents may promote the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APEC. This study aimed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in APEC isolated from clinical cases of colibacillosis in commercial broiler, layer, and breeder chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 487 APEC were isolated from 539 across 300 poultry farms in various regions of Nepal. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The index of AMR, such as multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index, resistance score (R-score), and multidrug resistance (MDR) profile, were determined. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect multiple ARGs and correlations between phenotypic and genotypic resistance were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of APEC was 91% (487/539). All of these isolates were found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 41.7% of the isolates were resistant against 8–9 different antimicrobials. The antibiogram of APEC isolates overall showed the highest resistance against ampicillin (99.4%), whereas the highest intermediate resistance was observed in enrofloxacin (92%). The MAR index and R-score showed significant differences between broiler and layers, as well as between broiler breeder and layers. The number of isolates that were resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories tested was 446 (91.6%) and were classified as MDR-positive isolates. The ARGs were identified in 439 (90.1%) APEC isolates, including the most detected mobilized colistin resistance (mcr1) which was detected in the highest (52.6%) isolates. Overall, resistance gene of beta-lactam (blaTEM), mcr1, resistance gene of sulphonamide (sul1) and resistance gene of tetracycline (tetB) (in broiler), were detected in significantly higher than other tested genes (p < 0.001). When examining the pair-wise correlations, a significant phenotype-phenotype correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline with doxycycline. Similarly, a significant phenotype-genotype correlation (p < 0.001) was observed between chloramphenicol and the tetB, and colistin with blaTEM and resistance gene of quinolone (qnrA). Conclusion: In this study, the current state of APEC AMR in commercial chickens is revealed for the first time in Nepal. We deciphered the complex nature of AMR in APEC populations. This information of molecular surveillance is useful to combat AMR in APEC and to contribute to manage APEC associated diseases and develop policies and guidelines to enhance the commercial chicken production.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/February-2024/28.pdfantibiotic resistance genemultiplex pcrcolibacillosismultiple antibiotic resistance indexmcr1commercial chicken |
| spellingShingle | Rebanta K. Bhattarai Hom B. Basnet Ishwari P. Dhakal Bhuminand Devkota Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens Veterinary World antibiotic resistance gene multiplex pcr colibacillosis multiple antibiotic resistance index mcr1 commercial chicken |
| title | Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens |
| title_full | Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens |
| title_short | Antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler, layer, and breeder chickens |
| title_sort | antimicrobial resistance of avian pathogenic escherichia coli isolated from broiler layer and breeder chickens |
| topic | antibiotic resistance gene multiplex pcr colibacillosis multiple antibiotic resistance index mcr1 commercial chicken |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.17/February-2024/28.pdf |
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