| Summary: | <strong>Introduction:</strong> The basis of Cuban National Health System lies in the Family Doctors who register, evaluate the risks, treat, and follow-up patients with chronic diseases. <em>Diabetes Mellitus</em>(DM) is the main cause of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and these patients are also identified and treated all over the country. <br /><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><strong> Objectives:</strong> To characterize the CKD and the CKD + DM according to their registries in the Primary Health Care Centers. <strong><br /> Material and methods:</strong> Patients with CKD caused by diabetes (glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>) who were registered in Cuba in the year 2015; with reported prevalence per 1 000 inhabitants; and also characterized according to sex, age, province, and nation. The primary data were taken from the Registries of the National Direction of Statistics. <strong><br /> Results:</strong> The national prevalence of CKD was 2,16 per 1 000 inhabitants (increase of 17,7 <em>vs</em> 2014), and the prevalence of CKD + DM was 0,48 per 1 000 inhabitants (increase of 25,9 <em>vs</em> 2014). There was an increase at older age, and reached a maximum value in the group of ages from 60-64 years, both for the CKD (11,4 x 1 000) and the CKD + DM (2,92 x 1 000). Out of the total of patients with CKD, the diabetic ones represented the 12,7% in 2014, and the 13,6% in 2015, with a higher frequency in the female sex in both years (2014=12,7%, and 2015=14,4%). The prevalence in patients with CKD, and the proportion of patients with CKD + DM was lower than the one reported by the Third National Survey on Risk Factors. <strong><br /> Conclusions:</strong> CKD is underdiagnosed in the country, and the same thing happens with CKD + DM, but even in a higher degree. The implementation of effective actions is required for the early diagnosis of the patients in the Primary Health Care.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Verdana; font-size: small;"><strong>Keywords:</strong> prevalence,chronic renal insufficiency, Advanced Chronic Renal Disease, Primary Health Care Centers</span></p>
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