Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment
In this work, we design an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted Internet of Things (IoT) by enabling non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) approaches. We pay attention to studying the achievable rates for the ground users. A practical system model takes in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Drones |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/12/408 |
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| author | Minh-Sang Van Nguyen Dinh-Thuan Do Van-Duc Phan Wali Ullah Khan Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Mostafa M. Fouda |
| author_facet | Minh-Sang Van Nguyen Dinh-Thuan Do Van-Duc Phan Wali Ullah Khan Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Mostafa M. Fouda |
| author_sort | Minh-Sang Van Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, we design an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted Internet of Things (IoT) by enabling non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) approaches. We pay attention to studying the achievable rates for the ground users. A practical system model takes into account the presence of hardware impairment when Rayleigh and Rician channels are adopted for the IRS–NOMA–UAV system. Our main findings are presented to showcase the exact expressions for achievable rates, and then we derive their simple approximations for a more insightful performance evaluation. The validity of these approximations is demonstrated using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We confirm the achievable rate improvement decided by main parameters such as the average signal to noise ratio at source, the position of IRS with respect to the source and destination and the number of IRS elements. As a suggestion for the deployment of a low-cost IoT system, the double-IRS model is a reliable approach to realizing the system as long as the hardware impairment level is controlled. The results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve achievable rates, obtain optimal performance at one of two devices and exhibit a small performance gap compared with the other benchmark scheme. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:04:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c054fa1fa99142ebabce02006afc639e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-446X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:04:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Drones |
| spelling | doaj.art-c054fa1fa99142ebabce02006afc639e2023-11-24T14:25:14ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2022-12-0161240810.3390/drones6120408Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware ImpairmentMinh-Sang Van Nguyen0Dinh-Thuan Do1Van-Duc Phan2Wali Ullah Khan3Agbotiname Lucky Imoize4Mostafa M. Fouda5Faculty of Electronics Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VietnamDepartment of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, TaiwanFaculty of Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VietnamInterdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, 1855 Luxembourg, LuxembourgDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos 100213, NigeriaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USAIn this work, we design an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted Internet of Things (IoT) by enabling non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) approaches. We pay attention to studying the achievable rates for the ground users. A practical system model takes into account the presence of hardware impairment when Rayleigh and Rician channels are adopted for the IRS–NOMA–UAV system. Our main findings are presented to showcase the exact expressions for achievable rates, and then we derive their simple approximations for a more insightful performance evaluation. The validity of these approximations is demonstrated using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We confirm the achievable rate improvement decided by main parameters such as the average signal to noise ratio at source, the position of IRS with respect to the source and destination and the number of IRS elements. As a suggestion for the deployment of a low-cost IoT system, the double-IRS model is a reliable approach to realizing the system as long as the hardware impairment level is controlled. The results show that the proposed scheme can greatly improve achievable rates, obtain optimal performance at one of two devices and exhibit a small performance gap compared with the other benchmark scheme.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/12/408intelligent reflecting surfacenon-orthogonal multiple accessachievable ratehardware impairment |
| spellingShingle | Minh-Sang Van Nguyen Dinh-Thuan Do Van-Duc Phan Wali Ullah Khan Agbotiname Lucky Imoize Mostafa M. Fouda Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment Drones intelligent reflecting surface non-orthogonal multiple access achievable rate hardware impairment |
| title | Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment |
| title_full | Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment |
| title_fullStr | Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment |
| title_short | Ergodic Performance Analysis of Double Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces-Aided NOMA–UAV Systems with Hardware Impairment |
| title_sort | ergodic performance analysis of double intelligent reflecting surfaces aided noma uav systems with hardware impairment |
| topic | intelligent reflecting surface non-orthogonal multiple access achievable rate hardware impairment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/6/12/408 |
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