Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain
Fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex blemish fruit and reduce the market value of fresh-market apples. In 2010, apples were collected from 16 orchards in northern Spain that had received few to no fungicide sprays. SBFS colonies with the subtending cuticle were excised, pressed, and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Phytopathological Society
2022-09-01
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| Series: | PhytoFrontiers |
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| Online Access: | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTOFR-11-21-0074-R |
| _version_ | 1797330361250742272 |
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| author | Jean Carlson Batzer Marcos Miñarro Prado Jennifer M. Svendsen Mark L. Gleason |
| author_facet | Jean Carlson Batzer Marcos Miñarro Prado Jennifer M. Svendsen Mark L. Gleason |
| author_sort | Jean Carlson Batzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex blemish fruit and reduce the market value of fresh-market apples. In 2010, apples were collected from 16 orchards in northern Spain that had received few to no fungicide sprays. SBFS colonies with the subtending cuticle were excised, pressed, and shipped to Ames, Iowa, United States, for isolation. A total of 213 sequences were aligned after a portion of the rRNA was amplified with primer pair VG9/LR5, and two regions were sequenced with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 and LROR/LR5. Distance and parsimony analyses of the 28S gene sequences were used to compare the collection with previously isolated SBFS species. Most isolates (89%) were within the subclass Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales. Within this order, the predominant genus was Schizothyrium (anamorph Zygophiala) (86 isolates), including S. pomi, Z. cryptogama, Z. cylindrica, and two previously undescribed putative species. Also widely prevalent were Microcyclosporella mali (45 isolates), four Microcyclospora spp. (36 isolates), and four Stomiopeltis-like putative species (34 isolates). Seven isolates were within the Eurotiomycetes. Twenty-five putative species were delineated using the ITS sequences and morphological characterization. These included 11 species previously named and reported as members of the SBFS complex, two putative SBFS species that were previously reported but have not yet been described, and 12 newly detected putative SBFS species. The findings add substantially to knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of this ectophytic fungal assemblage in Europe. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T07:18:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c06397f2903b41c0bf94bca7af8eae30 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2690-5442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T07:18:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | The American Phytopathological Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PhytoFrontiers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c06397f2903b41c0bf94bca7af8eae302024-02-03T00:03:22ZengThe American Phytopathological SocietyPhytoFrontiers2690-54422022-09-012328930610.1094/PHYTOFR-11-21-0074-RDiversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in SpainJean Carlson Batzer0Marcos Miñarro Prado1Jennifer M. Svendsen2Mark L. Gleason3Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A.Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Asturias, SpainDepartment of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A.Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, U.S.A.Fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) complex blemish fruit and reduce the market value of fresh-market apples. In 2010, apples were collected from 16 orchards in northern Spain that had received few to no fungicide sprays. SBFS colonies with the subtending cuticle were excised, pressed, and shipped to Ames, Iowa, United States, for isolation. A total of 213 sequences were aligned after a portion of the rRNA was amplified with primer pair VG9/LR5, and two regions were sequenced with primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 and LROR/LR5. Distance and parsimony analyses of the 28S gene sequences were used to compare the collection with previously isolated SBFS species. Most isolates (89%) were within the subclass Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales. Within this order, the predominant genus was Schizothyrium (anamorph Zygophiala) (86 isolates), including S. pomi, Z. cryptogama, Z. cylindrica, and two previously undescribed putative species. Also widely prevalent were Microcyclosporella mali (45 isolates), four Microcyclospora spp. (36 isolates), and four Stomiopeltis-like putative species (34 isolates). Seven isolates were within the Eurotiomycetes. Twenty-five putative species were delineated using the ITS sequences and morphological characterization. These included 11 species previously named and reported as members of the SBFS complex, two putative SBFS species that were previously reported but have not yet been described, and 12 newly detected putative SBFS species. The findings add substantially to knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of this ectophytic fungal assemblage in Europe. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTOFR-11-21-0074-RChaetothyrialesDissoconiaceaeEuropeLSUMycosphaerellaceaePCR |
| spellingShingle | Jean Carlson Batzer Marcos Miñarro Prado Jennifer M. Svendsen Mark L. Gleason Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain PhytoFrontiers Chaetothyriales Dissoconiaceae Europe LSU Mycosphaerellaceae PCR |
| title | Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain |
| title_full | Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain |
| title_fullStr | Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain |
| title_short | Diversity of Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck Fungi on Cider Apples in Spain |
| title_sort | diversity of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on cider apples in spain |
| topic | Chaetothyriales Dissoconiaceae Europe LSU Mycosphaerellaceae PCR |
| url | https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTOFR-11-21-0074-R |
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