Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy
A key component of the global blue economy strategy is the sustainable extraction of marine resources and conservation of marine environments through networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). Connectivity and representativity are essential factors that underlie successful implementation of MPA netw...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.886494/full |
| _version_ | 1818545262828716032 |
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| author | Nicholas W. Jeffery Sarah J. Lehnert Tony Kess Kara K. S. Layton Brendan F. Wringe Ryan R.E. Stanley |
| author_facet | Nicholas W. Jeffery Sarah J. Lehnert Tony Kess Kara K. S. Layton Brendan F. Wringe Ryan R.E. Stanley |
| author_sort | Nicholas W. Jeffery |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A key component of the global blue economy strategy is the sustainable extraction of marine resources and conservation of marine environments through networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). Connectivity and representativity are essential factors that underlie successful implementation of MPA networks, which can safeguard biological diversity and ecosystem function, and ultimately support the blue economy strategy by balancing ocean use with conservation. New “big data” omics approaches, including genomics and transcriptomics, are becoming essential tools for the development and maintenance of MPA networks. Current molecular omics techniques, including population-scale genome sequencing, have direct applications for assessing population connectivity and for evaluating how genetic variation is represented within and among MPAs. Effective baseline characterization and long-term, scalable, and comprehensive monitoring are essential for successful MPA management, and omics approaches hold great promise to characterize the full range of marine life, spanning the microbiome to megafauna across a range of environmental conditions (shallow sea to the deep ocean). Omics tools, such as eDNA metabarcoding can provide a cost-effective basis for biodiversity monitoring in large and remote conservation areas. Here we provide an overview of current omics applications for conservation planning and monitoring, with a focus on metabarcoding, metagenomics, and population genomics. Emerging approaches, including whole-genome sequencing, characterization of genomic architecture, epigenomics, and genomic vulnerability to climate change are also reviewed. We demonstrate that the operationalization of omics tools can enhance the design, monitoring, and management of MPAs and thus will play an important role in a modern and comprehensive blue economy strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:59:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0641333d7d04282bfb935dc120dc124 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T03:59:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0641333d7d04282bfb935dc120dc1242022-12-22T00:39:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212022-06-011310.3389/fgene.2022.886494886494Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue EconomyNicholas W. Jeffery0Sarah J. Lehnert1Tony Kess2Kara K. S. Layton3Brendan F. Wringe4Ryan R.E. Stanley5Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL, CanadaNorthwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL, CanadaSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United KingdomBedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, CanadaBedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, CanadaA key component of the global blue economy strategy is the sustainable extraction of marine resources and conservation of marine environments through networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). Connectivity and representativity are essential factors that underlie successful implementation of MPA networks, which can safeguard biological diversity and ecosystem function, and ultimately support the blue economy strategy by balancing ocean use with conservation. New “big data” omics approaches, including genomics and transcriptomics, are becoming essential tools for the development and maintenance of MPA networks. Current molecular omics techniques, including population-scale genome sequencing, have direct applications for assessing population connectivity and for evaluating how genetic variation is represented within and among MPAs. Effective baseline characterization and long-term, scalable, and comprehensive monitoring are essential for successful MPA management, and omics approaches hold great promise to characterize the full range of marine life, spanning the microbiome to megafauna across a range of environmental conditions (shallow sea to the deep ocean). Omics tools, such as eDNA metabarcoding can provide a cost-effective basis for biodiversity monitoring in large and remote conservation areas. Here we provide an overview of current omics applications for conservation planning and monitoring, with a focus on metabarcoding, metagenomics, and population genomics. Emerging approaches, including whole-genome sequencing, characterization of genomic architecture, epigenomics, and genomic vulnerability to climate change are also reviewed. We demonstrate that the operationalization of omics tools can enhance the design, monitoring, and management of MPAs and thus will play an important role in a modern and comprehensive blue economy strategy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.886494/fullmarine conservationpopulation genomicsenvironmental DNA (eDNA)metabarcodingconnectivityconservation planning |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas W. Jeffery Sarah J. Lehnert Tony Kess Kara K. S. Layton Brendan F. Wringe Ryan R.E. Stanley Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy Frontiers in Genetics marine conservation population genomics environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding connectivity conservation planning |
| title | Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy |
| title_full | Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy |
| title_fullStr | Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy |
| title_short | Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas For a Sustainable Blue Economy |
| title_sort | application of omics tools in designing and monitoring marine protected areas for a sustainable blue economy |
| topic | marine conservation population genomics environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding connectivity conservation planning |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.886494/full |
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