Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors
Pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) is caused by deteriorating left ventricular function. The most common cause of PVH in dogs is myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD). It causes left ventricular volume overload and an increase in left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure (PVH), which leads to...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| author | Arkadiusz Grzeczka Urszula Pasławska Szymon Graczyk Paulina Antosik Marcin Zawadzki Robert Pasławski |
| author_facet | Arkadiusz Grzeczka Urszula Pasławska Szymon Graczyk Paulina Antosik Marcin Zawadzki Robert Pasławski |
| author_sort | Arkadiusz Grzeczka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) is caused by deteriorating left ventricular function. The most common cause of PVH in dogs is myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD). It causes left ventricular volume overload and an increase in left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure (PVH), which leads to pulmonary vascular wall remodeling and contributes to the perpetuation and worsening of PVH. Pulmonary vascular wall remodeling is also characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the changes in PVH arise secondary to heart failure and vascular remodeling progresses as the disease progresses. On the other hand, PAH is a primary disease that can be triggered, for example, by the use of certain drugs. Similar structural changes may suggest the influence of similar pathophysiological mechanisms or the intermediation of similar mediators. Therefore, this article discusses recent and hitherto uncommented findings elucidating the pathophysiology of the processes and influences on the pattern of histological changes observed in pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. In particular, we focus on the activity of factors such as endothelin, serotonin, and nitric oxide, which are involved in pulmonary vascular wall remodeling in both PVH and PAH. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:34:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c06bafed05794a2ca17ee14d9a44cf2c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:34:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c06bafed05794a2ca17ee14d9a44cf2c2024-03-27T13:20:08ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-03-01146257710.3390/app14062577Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining FactorsArkadiusz Grzeczka0Urszula Pasławska1Szymon Graczyk2Paulina Antosik3Marcin Zawadzki4Robert Pasławski5Department for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, PolandDepartment of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, PolandDepartment for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, PolandDepartment of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment for Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, PolandPulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) is caused by deteriorating left ventricular function. The most common cause of PVH in dogs is myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD). It causes left ventricular volume overload and an increase in left atrial and pulmonary venous pressure (PVH), which leads to pulmonary vascular wall remodeling and contributes to the perpetuation and worsening of PVH. Pulmonary vascular wall remodeling is also characteristic of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the changes in PVH arise secondary to heart failure and vascular remodeling progresses as the disease progresses. On the other hand, PAH is a primary disease that can be triggered, for example, by the use of certain drugs. Similar structural changes may suggest the influence of similar pathophysiological mechanisms or the intermediation of similar mediators. Therefore, this article discusses recent and hitherto uncommented findings elucidating the pathophysiology of the processes and influences on the pattern of histological changes observed in pulmonary hypertension secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. In particular, we focus on the activity of factors such as endothelin, serotonin, and nitric oxide, which are involved in pulmonary vascular wall remodeling in both PVH and PAH.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/6/2577endothelinnitric oxideserotoninmyxomatous mitral valve diseasepulmonary vesselspulmonary |
| spellingShingle | Arkadiusz Grzeczka Urszula Pasławska Szymon Graczyk Paulina Antosik Marcin Zawadzki Robert Pasławski Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors Applied Sciences endothelin nitric oxide serotonin myxomatous mitral valve disease pulmonary vessels pulmonary |
| title | Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors |
| title_full | Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors |
| title_fullStr | Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors |
| title_short | Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs: Current Insights into the Histological Manifestation and Its Determining Factors |
| title_sort | pulmonary hypertension secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs current insights into the histological manifestation and its determining factors |
| topic | endothelin nitric oxide serotonin myxomatous mitral valve disease pulmonary vessels pulmonary |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/6/2577 |
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