Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage
Soursop fruit (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) production is diminished by the attack of pathogens such as <i>Nectria haematococca</i>. However, the fruit–pathogen interaction at the biochemical and molecular levels is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1432 |
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| author | Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo Rosendo Balois-Morales Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales Guillermo Berumen-Varela |
| author_facet | Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo Rosendo Balois-Morales Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales Guillermo Berumen-Varela |
| author_sort | Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soursop fruit (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) production is diminished by the attack of pathogens such as <i>Nectria haematococca</i>. However, the fruit–pathogen interaction at the biochemical and molecular levels is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of the soursop fruit to the presence of <i>N. haematococca</i> during postharvest storage. Soursop fruits were inoculated with the pathogen and total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity by Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+), and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), as well as enzymatic activity and transcript levels of <i>polyphenol oxidase (PPO)</i> and <i>superoxide dismutase (SOD),</i> were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 days of storage. The noninoculated fruits were the controls of the experiment. The highest total phenol content was recorded on day one in the inoculated fruits. FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH activity presented the highest values on day three in the control fruits. Inoculated fruits recorded the highest <i>PPO</i> activity on day five and a five-fold induction in the <i>PPO</i> transcript on day three. <i>SOD</i> activity showed a decrease during the days of storage and 10-fold induction of <i>SOD</i> transcript on day three in the inoculated fruits. Principal component analysis showed that total phenols were the variable that contributed the most to the observed variations. Furthermore, a positive correlation between total phenols and <i>SOD</i> activity, <i>PPO</i> expression, and <i>SOD</i> expression, as well as between DPPH and FRAP, was recorded. The results showed a differential response in antioxidant capacity, enzymatic activity, and gene expression during the interaction of soursop fruits–<i>N. haematococca</i> at postharvest storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:27:54Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:27:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c075ba51d4264839a857bc1ec14285a72023-11-22T04:44:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-07-01107143210.3390/plants10071432Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest StorageAlejandro Rubio-Melgarejo0Rosendo Balois-Morales1Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez2Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco3José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita4Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales5Guillermo Berumen-Varela6Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, MexicoPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, MexicoUnidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, MexicoUnidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, MexicoUnidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, MexicoPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Carretera Tepic-Compostela km. 9, Xalisco C.P. 63780, Nayarit, MexicoUnidad de Tecnología de Alimentos-Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N, Colonia Centro, Tepic C.P. 63000, Nayarit, MexicoSoursop fruit (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) production is diminished by the attack of pathogens such as <i>Nectria haematococca</i>. However, the fruit–pathogen interaction at the biochemical and molecular levels is still unknown. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of the soursop fruit to the presence of <i>N. haematococca</i> during postharvest storage. Soursop fruits were inoculated with the pathogen and total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity by Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+), and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•), as well as enzymatic activity and transcript levels of <i>polyphenol oxidase (PPO)</i> and <i>superoxide dismutase (SOD),</i> were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 days of storage. The noninoculated fruits were the controls of the experiment. The highest total phenol content was recorded on day one in the inoculated fruits. FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH activity presented the highest values on day three in the control fruits. Inoculated fruits recorded the highest <i>PPO</i> activity on day five and a five-fold induction in the <i>PPO</i> transcript on day three. <i>SOD</i> activity showed a decrease during the days of storage and 10-fold induction of <i>SOD</i> transcript on day three in the inoculated fruits. Principal component analysis showed that total phenols were the variable that contributed the most to the observed variations. Furthermore, a positive correlation between total phenols and <i>SOD</i> activity, <i>PPO</i> expression, and <i>SOD</i> expression, as well as between DPPH and FRAP, was recorded. The results showed a differential response in antioxidant capacity, enzymatic activity, and gene expression during the interaction of soursop fruits–<i>N. haematococca</i> at postharvest storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1432antioxidant activityearly responsetotal soluble phenols<i>polyphenol oxidase</i><i>superoxide dismutase</i>gene expression |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Rubio-Melgarejo Rosendo Balois-Morales Verónica Alhelí Ochoa-Jiménez Paloma Patricia Casas-Junco José Orlando Jiménez-Zurita Pedro Ulises Bautista-Rosales Guillermo Berumen-Varela Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage Plants antioxidant activity early response total soluble phenols <i>polyphenol oxidase</i> <i>superoxide dismutase</i> gene expression |
| title | Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage |
| title_full | Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage |
| title_fullStr | Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage |
| title_short | Differential Responses of Antioxidative System during the Interaction of Soursop Fruits (<i>Annona muricata</i> L.) and <i>Nectria haematococca</i> at Postharvest Storage |
| title_sort | differential responses of antioxidative system during the interaction of soursop fruits i annona muricata i l and i nectria haematococca i at postharvest storage |
| topic | antioxidant activity early response total soluble phenols <i>polyphenol oxidase</i> <i>superoxide dismutase</i> gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1432 |
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