Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors
A genome-wide analysis for two families of key transcription factors (TF; WRKY and NAC) involved in drought response revealed 46 WRKY and 66 NAC members of the <i>Carica papaya</i> genome. A phylogenetic analysis grouped the CpWRKY proteins into three groups (I, II a, b, c, d, e and III)...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2775 |
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| author | Erick Arroyo-Álvarez Arianna Chan-León Amaranta Girón-Ramírez Gabriela Fuentes Humberto Estrella-Maldonado Jorge M. Santamaría |
| author_facet | Erick Arroyo-Álvarez Arianna Chan-León Amaranta Girón-Ramírez Gabriela Fuentes Humberto Estrella-Maldonado Jorge M. Santamaría |
| author_sort | Erick Arroyo-Álvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A genome-wide analysis for two families of key transcription factors (TF; WRKY and NAC) involved in drought response revealed 46 WRKY and 66 NAC members of the <i>Carica papaya</i> genome. A phylogenetic analysis grouped the CpWRKY proteins into three groups (I, II a, b, c, d, e and III), while the CpNAC proteins were clustered into 15 groups. The conserved domains, chromosomal localization and promoter cis-acting elements were also analyzed. In addition, from a previous transcriptome study of two contrasting genotypes in response to 14 days of water deficit stress (WDS), we found that 29 of the 46 <i>CpWRKYs</i> genes and 25 of the 66 <i>CpNACs</i> genes were differentially expressed in response to the WDS. In the present paper, the native wild genotype (WG) (collected in its center of origin) consistently showed a higher expression (transcripts per million; TPM and fold change; FC) than the commercial genotype (CG) in almost all the members of the <i>CpWRKY</i> and <i>CpNAC</i> gene families. To corroborate this, we selected <i>CpWRKY50</i> and <i>CpNAC83.1</i> for further evaluation by RT-qPCR. Consistently, the WG showed higher relative expression levels (REL) after 14 days of WDS than the CG, in both the leaves and roots. The results suggest that the CpWRKY and CpNAC TF families are important for drought tolerance in this species. The results may also suggest that, during the domestication process, the ability of the native (wild) <i>C. papaya</i> genotypes to respond to drought (including the overexpression of the <i>CpWRKY</i> and <i>CpNAC</i> genes) was somehow reduced in the current commercial genotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:52Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c07709ffbf5446d7a5f91d420ff9b1dd2023-11-18T23:25:41ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-07-011215277510.3390/plants12152775Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild AncestorsErick Arroyo-Álvarez0Arianna Chan-León1Amaranta Girón-Ramírez2Gabriela Fuentes3Humberto Estrella-Maldonado4Jorge M. Santamaría5Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoIndependent Researcher, Calle 6ª, 279 a, Jardines de Vista Alegre, Mérida 97138, Yucatán, MexicoInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Tlapacoyan 93600, Veracruz, MexicoCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97205, Yucatán, MexicoA genome-wide analysis for two families of key transcription factors (TF; WRKY and NAC) involved in drought response revealed 46 WRKY and 66 NAC members of the <i>Carica papaya</i> genome. A phylogenetic analysis grouped the CpWRKY proteins into three groups (I, II a, b, c, d, e and III), while the CpNAC proteins were clustered into 15 groups. The conserved domains, chromosomal localization and promoter cis-acting elements were also analyzed. In addition, from a previous transcriptome study of two contrasting genotypes in response to 14 days of water deficit stress (WDS), we found that 29 of the 46 <i>CpWRKYs</i> genes and 25 of the 66 <i>CpNACs</i> genes were differentially expressed in response to the WDS. In the present paper, the native wild genotype (WG) (collected in its center of origin) consistently showed a higher expression (transcripts per million; TPM and fold change; FC) than the commercial genotype (CG) in almost all the members of the <i>CpWRKY</i> and <i>CpNAC</i> gene families. To corroborate this, we selected <i>CpWRKY50</i> and <i>CpNAC83.1</i> for further evaluation by RT-qPCR. Consistently, the WG showed higher relative expression levels (REL) after 14 days of WDS than the CG, in both the leaves and roots. The results suggest that the CpWRKY and CpNAC TF families are important for drought tolerance in this species. The results may also suggest that, during the domestication process, the ability of the native (wild) <i>C. papaya</i> genotypes to respond to drought (including the overexpression of the <i>CpWRKY</i> and <i>CpNAC</i> genes) was somehow reduced in the current commercial genotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2775<i>Carica papaya</i>domesticationexpression analysistranscription factors |
| spellingShingle | Erick Arroyo-Álvarez Arianna Chan-León Amaranta Girón-Ramírez Gabriela Fuentes Humberto Estrella-Maldonado Jorge M. Santamaría Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors Plants <i>Carica papaya</i> domestication expression analysis transcription factors |
| title | Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Analysis of WRKY and NAC Transcription Factors in <i>Carica papaya</i> L. and Their Possible Role in the Loss of Drought Tolerance by Recent Cultivars through the Domestication of Their Wild Ancestors |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of wrky and nac transcription factors in i carica papaya i l and their possible role in the loss of drought tolerance by recent cultivars through the domestication of their wild ancestors |
| topic | <i>Carica papaya</i> domestication expression analysis transcription factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/15/2775 |
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