Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atop...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| author | Hidaya A. Kader Muhammad Azeem Suhib A. Jwayed Aaesha Al-Shehhi Attia Tabassum Mohammed Akli Ayoub Helal F. Hetta Yasir Waheed Rabah Iratni Ahmed Al-Dhaheri Khalid Muhammad |
| author_facet | Hidaya A. Kader Muhammad Azeem Suhib A. Jwayed Aaesha Al-Shehhi Attia Tabassum Mohammed Akli Ayoub Helal F. Hetta Yasir Waheed Rabah Iratni Ahmed Al-Dhaheri Khalid Muhammad |
| author_sort | Hidaya A. Kader |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atopic march, during which infant AD patients are predisposed to progressive secondary allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; onset of the disease is caused by several factors, including strong genetic predisposition, disrupted epidermal barrier, and immune dysregulation. AD was initially characterized by defects in the innate immune system and a vigorous skewed adaptive Th2 response to environmental agents; there are compelling evidences that the disorder involves multiple immune pathways. Symptomatic palliative treatment is the only strategy to manage the disease and restore skin integrity. Researchers are trying to more precisely define the contribution of different AD genotypes and elucidate the role of various immune axes. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about the roles of innate and adaptive immune responsive cells in AD. In addition, current and novel treatment strategies for the management of AD are comprehensively described, including some ongoing clinical trials and promising therapeutic agents. This information will provide an asset towards identifying personalized targets for better therapeutic outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:42:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c07d492a2308444481bd2185f492056b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:42:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-c07d492a2308444481bd2185f492056b2023-11-21T22:51:52ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-06-01106139210.3390/cells10061392Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic DermatitisHidaya A. Kader0Muhammad Azeem1Suhib A. Jwayed2Aaesha Al-Shehhi3Attia Tabassum4Mohammed Akli Ayoub5Helal F. Hetta6Yasir Waheed7Rabah Iratni8Ahmed Al-Dhaheri9Khalid Muhammad10Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Pathology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Dermatology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, EgyptFoundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Dermatology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab EmiratesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atopic march, during which infant AD patients are predisposed to progressive secondary allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; onset of the disease is caused by several factors, including strong genetic predisposition, disrupted epidermal barrier, and immune dysregulation. AD was initially characterized by defects in the innate immune system and a vigorous skewed adaptive Th2 response to environmental agents; there are compelling evidences that the disorder involves multiple immune pathways. Symptomatic palliative treatment is the only strategy to manage the disease and restore skin integrity. Researchers are trying to more precisely define the contribution of different AD genotypes and elucidate the role of various immune axes. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about the roles of innate and adaptive immune responsive cells in AD. In addition, current and novel treatment strategies for the management of AD are comprehensively described, including some ongoing clinical trials and promising therapeutic agents. This information will provide an asset towards identifying personalized targets for better therapeutic outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/6/1392atopic dermatitisimmune systemT cellsB cellskeratinocytes |
| spellingShingle | Hidaya A. Kader Muhammad Azeem Suhib A. Jwayed Aaesha Al-Shehhi Attia Tabassum Mohammed Akli Ayoub Helal F. Hetta Yasir Waheed Rabah Iratni Ahmed Al-Dhaheri Khalid Muhammad Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis Cells atopic dermatitis immune system T cells B cells keratinocytes |
| title | Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_full | Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_fullStr | Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_short | Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_sort | current insights into immunology and novel therapeutics of atopic dermatitis |
| topic | atopic dermatitis immune system T cells B cells keratinocytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/6/1392 |
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