Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA
Sustainable management of soil carbon (C) at the state level requires valuation of soil C regulating ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (ED). The objective of this study was to assess the value of regulating ES from soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| author | Elena A. Mikhailova Hamdi A. Zurqani Christopher J. Post Mark A. Schlautman Gregory C. Post Lili Lin Zhenbang Hao |
| author_facet | Elena A. Mikhailova Hamdi A. Zurqani Christopher J. Post Mark A. Schlautman Gregory C. Post Lili Lin Zhenbang Hao |
| author_sort | Elena A. Mikhailova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sustainable management of soil carbon (C) at the state level requires valuation of soil C regulating ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (ED). The objective of this study was to assess the value of regulating ES from soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (TSC) stocks, based on the concept of the avoided social cost of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions for the state of South Carolina (SC) in the United States of America (U.S.A.) by soil order, soil depth (0–200 cm), region and county using information from the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. The total estimated monetary mid-point value for TSC in the state of South Carolina was $124.36B (i.e., $124.36 billion U.S. dollars, where B = billion = 10<sup>9</sup>), $107.14B for SOC, and $17.22B for SIC. Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for SOC were: Ultisols ($64.35B), Histosols ($11.22B), and Inceptisols ($10.31B). Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for SIC were: Inceptisols ($5.91B), Entisols ($5.53B), and Alfisols ($5.0B). Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for TSC were: Ultisols ($64.35B), Inceptisols ($16.22B), and Entisols ($14.65B). The regions with the highest midpoint SOC values were: Pee Dee ($34.24B), Low Country ($32.17B), and Midlands ($29.24B). The regions with the highest midpoint SIC values were: Low Country ($5.69B), Midlands ($5.55B), and Pee Dee ($4.67B). The regions with the highest midpoint TSC values were: Low Country ($37.86B), Pee Dee ($36.91B), and Midlands ($34.79B). The counties with the highest midpoint SOC values were Colleton ($5.44B), Horry ($5.37B), and Berkeley ($4.12B). The counties with the highest midpoint SIC values were Charleston ($1.46B), Georgetown ($852.81M, where M = million = 10<sup>6</sup>), and Horry ($843.18M). The counties with the highest midpoint TSC values were Horry ($6.22B), Colleton ($6.02B), and Georgetown ($4.87B). Administrative areas (e.g., counties, regions) combined with pedodiversity concepts can provide useful information to design cost-efficient policies to manage soil carbon regulating ES at the state level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:08:58Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c08255af817a4b7cac5837f2290d8a232023-11-21T10:55:44ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2021-03-0110330910.3390/land10030309Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USAElena A. Mikhailova0Hamdi A. Zurqani1Christopher J. Post2Mark A. Schlautman3Gregory C. Post4Lili Lin5Zhenbang Hao6Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USAEconomics Department, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, USAUniversity Key Lab for Geomatics Technology and Optimized Resources Utilization in Fujian Province, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaUniversity Key Lab for Geomatics Technology and Optimized Resources Utilization in Fujian Province, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, ChinaSustainable management of soil carbon (C) at the state level requires valuation of soil C regulating ecosystem services (ES) and disservices (ED). The objective of this study was to assess the value of regulating ES from soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and total soil carbon (TSC) stocks, based on the concept of the avoided social cost of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions for the state of South Carolina (SC) in the United States of America (U.S.A.) by soil order, soil depth (0–200 cm), region and county using information from the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. The total estimated monetary mid-point value for TSC in the state of South Carolina was $124.36B (i.e., $124.36 billion U.S. dollars, where B = billion = 10<sup>9</sup>), $107.14B for SOC, and $17.22B for SIC. Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for SOC were: Ultisols ($64.35B), Histosols ($11.22B), and Inceptisols ($10.31B). Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for SIC were: Inceptisols ($5.91B), Entisols ($5.53B), and Alfisols ($5.0B). Soil orders with the highest midpoint value for TSC were: Ultisols ($64.35B), Inceptisols ($16.22B), and Entisols ($14.65B). The regions with the highest midpoint SOC values were: Pee Dee ($34.24B), Low Country ($32.17B), and Midlands ($29.24B). The regions with the highest midpoint SIC values were: Low Country ($5.69B), Midlands ($5.55B), and Pee Dee ($4.67B). The regions with the highest midpoint TSC values were: Low Country ($37.86B), Pee Dee ($36.91B), and Midlands ($34.79B). The counties with the highest midpoint SOC values were Colleton ($5.44B), Horry ($5.37B), and Berkeley ($4.12B). The counties with the highest midpoint SIC values were Charleston ($1.46B), Georgetown ($852.81M, where M = million = 10<sup>6</sup>), and Horry ($843.18M). The counties with the highest midpoint TSC values were Horry ($6.22B), Colleton ($6.02B), and Georgetown ($4.87B). Administrative areas (e.g., counties, regions) combined with pedodiversity concepts can provide useful information to design cost-efficient policies to manage soil carbon regulating ES at the state level.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/3/309accountingcarbon emissions, CO<sub>2</sub>climate changeinorganicorganicpedodiversity |
| spellingShingle | Elena A. Mikhailova Hamdi A. Zurqani Christopher J. Post Mark A. Schlautman Gregory C. Post Lili Lin Zhenbang Hao Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA Land accounting carbon emissions, CO<sub>2</sub> climate change inorganic organic pedodiversity |
| title | Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA |
| title_full | Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA |
| title_fullStr | Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA |
| title_short | Soil Carbon Regulating Ecosystem Services in the State of South Carolina, USA |
| title_sort | soil carbon regulating ecosystem services in the state of south carolina usa |
| topic | accounting carbon emissions, CO<sub>2</sub> climate change inorganic organic pedodiversity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/3/309 |
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