| Summary: | The purpose of this case–control study was to examine possible links between <i>NLRP3</i> gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing posttraumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM) in the Chinese population. A total of 306 patients with PTOM and 368 normal controls were genotyped for <i>NLRP3</i> (rs35829419, rs10754558, rs7525979, rs4612666), <i>ELP2</i> (rs1785929, rs1789547, rs1785928, rs12185396, rs681757, rs8299, rs2032206, rs559289), <i>STAT3</i> (rs4796793, rs744166, rs1026916, rs2293152, rs1053004), <i>CASP1</i> (rs501192, rs580253, rs556205, rs530537), NFKBIA (rs696), <i>NFKB1</i> (rs4648068), <i>CARD8</i> (rs204321), and <i>CD14</i> (rs2569190) using the genotyping technique SNaPshot. The genotype distributions of <i>NLRP3</i> gene rs10754558 (<i>p</i> = 0.047) and rs7525979 (<i>p</i> = 0.048) significantly differed between the patients and the healthy controls. Additionally, heterozygous models indicated a significant association between <i>NLRP3</i> rs10754558 and the likelihood of developing PTOM (OR = 1.600, <i>p</i> = 0.039), as did recessive and homozygous models of <i>NLRP3</i> rs7525979 (OR = 0.248, <i>p</i> = 0.019 and 0.239, <i>p</i> = 0.016, respectively). Collectively, our findings suggest that, in the Chinese population, the risk of developing PTOM was increased by the association between <i>NLRP3</i> rs10754558 and rs7525979. Therefore, our findings may provide novel insights and guidance in the prevention and development of PTOM.
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