Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia
Spices have been recognized to have medicinal properties. Among several spices and medicinal plants, black cumin and fenugreek are very common. Geographical, climatic, and cultivating soil type can change the chemical composition of these spices. The objective of this work is to determine proximate,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi Limited
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Food Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3404674 |
| _version_ | 1797945558765142016 |
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| author | Alemu Mekonnen Tura Markos Dele Debisa Etalema Desta Tulu Birhanu Zeleke Tilinti |
| author_facet | Alemu Mekonnen Tura Markos Dele Debisa Etalema Desta Tulu Birhanu Zeleke Tilinti |
| author_sort | Alemu Mekonnen Tura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spices have been recognized to have medicinal properties. Among several spices and medicinal plants, black cumin and fenugreek are very common. Geographical, climatic, and cultivating soil type can change the chemical composition of these spices. The objective of this work is to determine proximate, phytochemical, and heavy metal content in black cumin and fenugreek cultivated in the Gamo zone, Ethiopia. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, fiber, fat, protein carbohydrate, and gross energy) was determined; their content (%) in black cumin is 6.98±0.12, 5.02±2.9, 6.90±0.21, 32.1±0.68, 20.9±0.09, 34.1±0.73, and 498±4.4, respectively, and 6.30±0.35, 4.27±0.17, 9.36±0.25, 12.8±0.41, 30.8±0.09, 46.1±0.52, and 422±1.6, respectively, in fenugreek. The total means of phenolic flavonoids and alkaloids in black cumin are 193±5.3 mg GAE/100 g, 87.6±4.3 mg QE/100 g, and 69.4±4.7 mg AE/100 g, respectively, and 382±11 mg GAE/100 g, 123±3.6 mg QE/100 g, and 37.6±2.2 mg AE/100 g, respectively, in fenugreek. In black cumin and fenugreek collected from Kamba, Daramalo, and Dita woredas, nine heavy metals were determined by using FAAS. The total mean concentrations in mg/kg for detected heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Co) in black cumin are 78.5±5.9, 27.3±1.5, 3.06±0.26, 8.47±0.22, and 10.1±0.37, respectively, and Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were not detected in black cumin. Similarly, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, and Ni in fenugreek are 168±5.2, 14.8±0.20, 4.76±0.1, 13.7±0.40, 3.66±0.21, and 2.12±0.03, respectively, and Cr, Pb, and Cd were not detected in fenugreek. All the results of determined parameters were compared to previous studies, and the values were in agreement with slight variations. Therefore, black cumin and fenugreek cultivated in the Gamo zone were free from heavy metal toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:57:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c08a06ad9fbc447d9ed35ca7f3ddadf5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2314-5765 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:57:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Food Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c08a06ad9fbc447d9ed35ca7f3ddadf52023-01-23T00:56:32ZengHindawi LimitedInternational Journal of Food Science2314-57652023-01-01202310.1155/2023/3404674Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, EthiopiaAlemu Mekonnen Tura0Markos Dele Debisa1Etalema Desta Tulu2Birhanu Zeleke Tilinti3Arba Minch UniversityArba Minch UniversityArba Minch UniversityArba Minch UniversitySpices have been recognized to have medicinal properties. Among several spices and medicinal plants, black cumin and fenugreek are very common. Geographical, climatic, and cultivating soil type can change the chemical composition of these spices. The objective of this work is to determine proximate, phytochemical, and heavy metal content in black cumin and fenugreek cultivated in the Gamo zone, Ethiopia. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, fiber, fat, protein carbohydrate, and gross energy) was determined; their content (%) in black cumin is 6.98±0.12, 5.02±2.9, 6.90±0.21, 32.1±0.68, 20.9±0.09, 34.1±0.73, and 498±4.4, respectively, and 6.30±0.35, 4.27±0.17, 9.36±0.25, 12.8±0.41, 30.8±0.09, 46.1±0.52, and 422±1.6, respectively, in fenugreek. The total means of phenolic flavonoids and alkaloids in black cumin are 193±5.3 mg GAE/100 g, 87.6±4.3 mg QE/100 g, and 69.4±4.7 mg AE/100 g, respectively, and 382±11 mg GAE/100 g, 123±3.6 mg QE/100 g, and 37.6±2.2 mg AE/100 g, respectively, in fenugreek. In black cumin and fenugreek collected from Kamba, Daramalo, and Dita woredas, nine heavy metals were determined by using FAAS. The total mean concentrations in mg/kg for detected heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Co) in black cumin are 78.5±5.9, 27.3±1.5, 3.06±0.26, 8.47±0.22, and 10.1±0.37, respectively, and Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were not detected in black cumin. Similarly, the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, and Ni in fenugreek are 168±5.2, 14.8±0.20, 4.76±0.1, 13.7±0.40, 3.66±0.21, and 2.12±0.03, respectively, and Cr, Pb, and Cd were not detected in fenugreek. All the results of determined parameters were compared to previous studies, and the values were in agreement with slight variations. Therefore, black cumin and fenugreek cultivated in the Gamo zone were free from heavy metal toxicity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3404674 |
| spellingShingle | Alemu Mekonnen Tura Markos Dele Debisa Etalema Desta Tulu Birhanu Zeleke Tilinti Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia International Journal of Food Science |
| title | Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Evaluation of Proximate, Phytochemical, and Heavy Metal Content in Black Cumin and Fenugreek Cultivated in Gamo Zone, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | evaluation of proximate phytochemical and heavy metal content in black cumin and fenugreek cultivated in gamo zone ethiopia |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3404674 |
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