The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms
Carnosine is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide composed by the ligation of β-alanine and L-histidine performed particularly by tissues with an increased oxidative metabolism such as muscles and brain. In the last 50 years different studies have assessed the role and function of carnosine th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590257123000019 |
| _version_ | 1797796348236398592 |
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| author | Giuseppe Caruso Lucia Di Pietro Vincenzo Cardaci Salvatore Maugeri Filippo Caraci |
| author_facet | Giuseppe Caruso Lucia Di Pietro Vincenzo Cardaci Salvatore Maugeri Filippo Caraci |
| author_sort | Giuseppe Caruso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carnosine is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide composed by the ligation of β-alanine and L-histidine performed particularly by tissues with an increased oxidative metabolism such as muscles and brain. In the last 50 years different studies have assessed the role and function of carnosine through numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, demonstrating the multimodal mechanism of action of this dipeptide that includes anti-aggregant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In particular its activity has been investigated in experimental models of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present review, we examined the protective role that carnosine could exert in the context of T2DM, CVD, and AD, which show common pathogenic mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and aggregation phenomena. Carnosine's pharmacodynamic profile is multimodal and combines the systemic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities with its anti-aggregant and neuroprotective efficacy in the central nervous system. This enlarged pharmacological activity opens a new path to explore the therapeutic potential of carnosine in all the three diseases, and in particular in patients with T2DM, who often show a history of CVD and also have an increased risk to develop mild cognitive impairment and AD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:31:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c093ca5bab1d4f7fb87440355e13d1ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-2571 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:31:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery |
| spelling | doaj.art-c093ca5bab1d4f7fb87440355e13d1ac2023-06-24T05:19:01ZengElsevierCurrent Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery2590-25712023-01-014100153The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanismsGiuseppe Caruso0Lucia Di Pietro1Vincenzo Cardaci2Salvatore Maugeri3Filippo Caraci4Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy; Corresponding author. Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyScuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyDepartment of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, ItalyCarnosine is a naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide composed by the ligation of β-alanine and L-histidine performed particularly by tissues with an increased oxidative metabolism such as muscles and brain. In the last 50 years different studies have assessed the role and function of carnosine through numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, demonstrating the multimodal mechanism of action of this dipeptide that includes anti-aggregant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. In particular its activity has been investigated in experimental models of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present review, we examined the protective role that carnosine could exert in the context of T2DM, CVD, and AD, which show common pathogenic mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and aggregation phenomena. Carnosine's pharmacodynamic profile is multimodal and combines the systemic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities with its anti-aggregant and neuroprotective efficacy in the central nervous system. This enlarged pharmacological activity opens a new path to explore the therapeutic potential of carnosine in all the three diseases, and in particular in patients with T2DM, who often show a history of CVD and also have an increased risk to develop mild cognitive impairment and AD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590257123000019CarnosineOxidative stressInflammationProtein aggregationNeuroprotection |
| spellingShingle | Giuseppe Caruso Lucia Di Pietro Vincenzo Cardaci Salvatore Maugeri Filippo Caraci The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Carnosine Oxidative stress Inflammation Protein aggregation Neuroprotection |
| title | The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms |
| title_full | The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms |
| title_short | The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms |
| title_sort | therapeutic potential of carnosine focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms |
| topic | Carnosine Oxidative stress Inflammation Protein aggregation Neuroprotection |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590257123000019 |
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