A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are computer programs that provide instruction adapted to the needs of individual students. Dialog systems are computer programs that communicate with human users by using natural language. This paper presents a systematic literature review to address ITSs that in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2020-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9186073/ |
| _version_ | 1811274357343780864 |
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| author | Jose Paladines Jaime Ramirez |
| author_facet | Jose Paladines Jaime Ramirez |
| author_sort | Jose Paladines |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are computer programs that provide instruction adapted to the needs of individual students. Dialog systems are computer programs that communicate with human users by using natural language. This paper presents a systematic literature review to address ITSs that incorporate dialog systems and have been implemented in the last twenty years. The review found 33 ITSs and focused on answering the following five research questions. a) What ITSs with natural language dialogue have been developed? b) What is the main purpose of the tutoring dialogue in each system? c) What are the pedagogical features of the teaching process performed by the ITSs with natural language dialogue? d) What natural language understanding approach does each system employ to understand students’ utterances? e) What evidence exists related to the evaluation of ITSs with natural language dialogue? The results of this review reveal that most ITSs are directed toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains at the university level, and the majority of the selected ITSs implement the expectations and misconceptions tailored approach. Furthermore, most ITSs use dialog to help students learn how to solve a problem by applying rules, laws, etc. (the apply level in Bloom’s taxonomy). With regard to the instructional approach, the selected ITSs help students write correct explanations or answers for deep questions; assist students in problem solving; or support a reflective dialogue motivated by either previously provided content or the result of a simulation. Additionally, we found empirical evaluations for 90.91% of the selected ITSs that measure the learning gains and/or assess the impacts of different tutoring strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:17:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c09d58dc2e784370b8790f0cb6a48a19 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:17:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-c09d58dc2e784370b8790f0cb6a48a192022-12-22T03:12:38ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362020-01-01816424616426710.1109/ACCESS.2020.30213839186073A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural LanguageJose Paladines0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1991-1894Jaime Ramirez1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-698XComputer Science School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, SpainComputer Science School, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, SpainIntelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are computer programs that provide instruction adapted to the needs of individual students. Dialog systems are computer programs that communicate with human users by using natural language. This paper presents a systematic literature review to address ITSs that incorporate dialog systems and have been implemented in the last twenty years. The review found 33 ITSs and focused on answering the following five research questions. a) What ITSs with natural language dialogue have been developed? b) What is the main purpose of the tutoring dialogue in each system? c) What are the pedagogical features of the teaching process performed by the ITSs with natural language dialogue? d) What natural language understanding approach does each system employ to understand students’ utterances? e) What evidence exists related to the evaluation of ITSs with natural language dialogue? The results of this review reveal that most ITSs are directed toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains at the university level, and the majority of the selected ITSs implement the expectations and misconceptions tailored approach. Furthermore, most ITSs use dialog to help students learn how to solve a problem by applying rules, laws, etc. (the apply level in Bloom’s taxonomy). With regard to the instructional approach, the selected ITSs help students write correct explanations or answers for deep questions; assist students in problem solving; or support a reflective dialogue motivated by either previously provided content or the result of a simulation. Additionally, we found empirical evaluations for 90.91% of the selected ITSs that measure the learning gains and/or assess the impacts of different tutoring strategies.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9186073/Intelligent tutoring systemnatural language dialoguenatural language processingsystematic literature review |
| spellingShingle | Jose Paladines Jaime Ramirez A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language IEEE Access Intelligent tutoring system natural language dialogue natural language processing systematic literature review |
| title | A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language |
| title_full | A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language |
| title_fullStr | A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language |
| title_short | A Systematic Literature Review of Intelligent Tutoring Systems With Dialogue in Natural Language |
| title_sort | systematic literature review of intelligent tutoring systems with dialogue in natural language |
| topic | Intelligent tutoring system natural language dialogue natural language processing systematic literature review |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9186073/ |
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