Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds
(1) Background: <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. is a medicinal plant whose flowers are widely used in herbal medicine. The aim of the study was to localise flower tissues that are responsible for the production of secretory products in petals and to analyse the volatile compounds. The volatil...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1371 |
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| author | Aneta Sulborska-Różycka Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Beata Polak Beata Stefańczyk Anna Matysik-Woźniak Robert Rejdak |
| author_facet | Aneta Sulborska-Różycka Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Beata Polak Beata Stefańczyk Anna Matysik-Woźniak Robert Rejdak |
| author_sort | Aneta Sulborska-Różycka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. is a medicinal plant whose flowers are widely used in herbal medicine. The aim of the study was to localise flower tissues that are responsible for the production of secretory products in petals and to analyse the volatile compounds. The volatile compounds of the flowers of this species have not been investigated to date. (2) Methods: Light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used in the study. Lipophilic compounds were localised in the tissues using histochemical assays. Volatile compounds were determined with the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). (3) Results: The study showed production of secretion in the petal parenchyma, whose ultrastructure has features of a secretory tissue. The lipophilic secretion was localised in the cells and intercellular spaces of the parenchyma and in the walls and surface of epidermal cells, where it accumulated after release through cuticle microchannels. Sesquiterpenes were found to constitute the main group of volatile compounds, with the highest content of β-caryophyllene (26.17%) and α-humulene (9.77%). (4) Conclusions: Given the presence of some volatile components that are often found in resins (caryophyllene, delta-cadinene) and the abundant secretion residues on the epidermal surface, we suppose that the <i>C. cyanus</i> secretion released by the flowers is a resinaceous mixture (oleoresin), which is frequently found in plants, as shown by literature data. This secretion may play an important role in the therapeutic effects of <i>C. cyanus</i> flowers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:20:11Z |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:20:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c09fe3f3cea14253854889ffa2c84c8c2023-11-23T21:23:01ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-02-01274137110.3390/molecules27041371Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile CompoundsAneta Sulborska-Różycka0Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska1Beata Polak2Beata Stefańczyk3Anna Matysik-Woźniak4Robert Rejdak5Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4 A, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4 A, 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, PolandDepartment of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland(1) Background: <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. is a medicinal plant whose flowers are widely used in herbal medicine. The aim of the study was to localise flower tissues that are responsible for the production of secretory products in petals and to analyse the volatile compounds. The volatile compounds of the flowers of this species have not been investigated to date. (2) Methods: Light, fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used in the study. Lipophilic compounds were localised in the tissues using histochemical assays. Volatile compounds were determined with the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). (3) Results: The study showed production of secretion in the petal parenchyma, whose ultrastructure has features of a secretory tissue. The lipophilic secretion was localised in the cells and intercellular spaces of the parenchyma and in the walls and surface of epidermal cells, where it accumulated after release through cuticle microchannels. Sesquiterpenes were found to constitute the main group of volatile compounds, with the highest content of β-caryophyllene (26.17%) and α-humulene (9.77%). (4) Conclusions: Given the presence of some volatile components that are often found in resins (caryophyllene, delta-cadinene) and the abundant secretion residues on the epidermal surface, we suppose that the <i>C. cyanus</i> secretion released by the flowers is a resinaceous mixture (oleoresin), which is frequently found in plants, as shown by literature data. This secretion may play an important role in the therapeutic effects of <i>C. cyanus</i> flowers.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1371cornflowerray floretsvolatile compoundssesquiterpeneslocalization of secretioncuticular pattern |
| spellingShingle | Aneta Sulborska-Różycka Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Beata Polak Beata Stefańczyk Anna Matysik-Woźniak Robert Rejdak Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds Molecules cornflower ray florets volatile compounds sesquiterpenes localization of secretion cuticular pattern |
| title | Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds |
| title_full | Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds |
| title_short | Secretory Products in Petals of <i>Centaurea cyanus</i> L. Flowers: A Histochemistry, Ultrastructure, and Phytochemical Study of Volatile Compounds |
| title_sort | secretory products in petals of i centaurea cyanus i l flowers a histochemistry ultrastructure and phytochemical study of volatile compounds |
| topic | cornflower ray florets volatile compounds sesquiterpenes localization of secretion cuticular pattern |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/4/1371 |
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