Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization
Our immunity is guaranteed by a complex system that includes specialized cells and active molecules working in a spatially and temporally coordinated manner. Interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system and their potential immunotoxicity are key aspects for an exhaustive biological characteri...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/10/753 |
| _version_ | 1818701375838617600 |
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| author | Francesca Gatto Giuseppe Bardi |
| author_facet | Francesca Gatto Giuseppe Bardi |
| author_sort | Francesca Gatto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our immunity is guaranteed by a complex system that includes specialized cells and active molecules working in a spatially and temporally coordinated manner. Interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system and their potential immunotoxicity are key aspects for an exhaustive biological characterization. Several assays can be used to unravel the immunological features of nanoparticles, each one giving information on specific pathways leading to immune activation or immune suppression. Size, shape, and surface chemistry determine the surrounding corona, mainly formed by soluble proteins, hence, the biological identity of nanoparticles released in cell culture conditions or in a living organism. Here, we review the main laboratory characterization steps and immunological approaches that can be used to understand and predict the responses of the immune system to frequently utilized metallic or metal-containing nanoparticles, in view of their potential uses in diagnostics and selected therapeutic treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:19:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0b6f11ce5864262aa31c9381eb83656 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:19:51Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0b6f11ce5864262aa31c9381eb836562022-12-21T21:43:26ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912018-09-0181075310.3390/nano8100753nano8100753Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological CharacterizationFrancesca Gatto0Giuseppe Bardi1Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyOur immunity is guaranteed by a complex system that includes specialized cells and active molecules working in a spatially and temporally coordinated manner. Interaction of nanomaterials with the immune system and their potential immunotoxicity are key aspects for an exhaustive biological characterization. Several assays can be used to unravel the immunological features of nanoparticles, each one giving information on specific pathways leading to immune activation or immune suppression. Size, shape, and surface chemistry determine the surrounding corona, mainly formed by soluble proteins, hence, the biological identity of nanoparticles released in cell culture conditions or in a living organism. Here, we review the main laboratory characterization steps and immunological approaches that can be used to understand and predict the responses of the immune system to frequently utilized metallic or metal-containing nanoparticles, in view of their potential uses in diagnostics and selected therapeutic treatments.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/10/753nanoparticlesimmunologycellular modelsanimal modelsinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Gatto Giuseppe Bardi Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization Nanomaterials nanoparticles immunology cellular models animal models inflammation |
| title | Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization |
| title_full | Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization |
| title_fullStr | Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization |
| title_short | Metallic Nanoparticles: General Research Approaches to Immunological Characterization |
| title_sort | metallic nanoparticles general research approaches to immunological characterization |
| topic | nanoparticles immunology cellular models animal models inflammation |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/10/753 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT francescagatto metallicnanoparticlesgeneralresearchapproachestoimmunologicalcharacterization AT giuseppebardi metallicnanoparticlesgeneralresearchapproachestoimmunologicalcharacterization |