Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Introduction: Enterically transmitted Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are the most common cause of Acute Viral Hepatitis (AVH) and a major health concern in developing nations like India. Both viruses cause AVH and are spread predominantly through the faecal-oral pathway, most co...
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| Format: | Article |
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JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | National Journal of Laboratory Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://njlm.net/article_FULLTEXT.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2023&month=January&volume=12&issue=1&page=MO29%20-%20MO32&id=2704 |
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| author | Neelima Singh Nidhi Prasad, Vidyut Prakash Dipali Prasad Ravikant Kumar |
| author_facet | Neelima Singh Nidhi Prasad, Vidyut Prakash Dipali Prasad Ravikant Kumar |
| author_sort | Neelima Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Enterically transmitted Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are the most common cause of Acute Viral Hepatitis (AVH) and a major health concern in developing nations like India. Both viruses cause AVH and are spread predominantly through the faecal-oral pathway, most commonly through contaminated water.
Aim: To estimate the prevalence of HAV and HEV infection in patients presenting with AVH.
Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bihar. The study was conducted over a period of 24 months from November 2019 to October 2021. All patients presenting with AVH were included as study participants. The blood samples were subjected to test anti-HAV and anti-HEV positivity. Prevalence of HAV and HEV was calculated taking total cases of AVH as denominator. Patients with confirmed infection with HCV, HBV and any other cause of hepatitis were excluded from the study. Templates were generated in an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysis of data was done using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 20.0. Quantitative data were presented as frequency and percentages.
Results: A total of 682 patients presented with acute hepatitis. The AVH patients comprised 467 males (68.5%) and 215 (31.5%) females with the mean age 39.6±18.87 years. The current study reports the seroprevalence of 9.18% HAV and 8.35% of HEV. A total of 4 patients tested positive for coinfection with HAV and HEV. Most of the HAV patients belonged to an age group less than or equal to 12 years (25,58.1%) and none were more than 60 years. However, none of the HEV patients were children and most of them were aged between 13 to 60 years (46,92%). A male preponderance among HAV (28,65.1%), and HEV (38,76%) was noted.
Conclusion: Low seroprevalence was noted, with infection more common in younger age group and male patients. Further studies and vaccination along with surveillance system strengthening are warranted. |
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| issn | 2277-8551 2455-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:18:54Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c0b87fd9036d43b2b6a61879972a9d822023-01-20T09:39:44ZengJCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd.National Journal of Laboratory Medicine2277-85512455-68822023-01-01121MO29MO3210.7860/NJLM/2023/59209.2704Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional StudyNeelima Singh0Nidhi Prasad,1Vidyut Prakash2Dipali Prasad3Ravikant Kumar4Ex Senior Resident, Department of Virology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. Associate Professor, Department of Virology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.Ex Senior Resident, Department of Virology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.Additional Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India. Introduction: Enterically transmitted Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are the most common cause of Acute Viral Hepatitis (AVH) and a major health concern in developing nations like India. Both viruses cause AVH and are spread predominantly through the faecal-oral pathway, most commonly through contaminated water. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of HAV and HEV infection in patients presenting with AVH. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bihar. The study was conducted over a period of 24 months from November 2019 to October 2021. All patients presenting with AVH were included as study participants. The blood samples were subjected to test anti-HAV and anti-HEV positivity. Prevalence of HAV and HEV was calculated taking total cases of AVH as denominator. Patients with confirmed infection with HCV, HBV and any other cause of hepatitis were excluded from the study. Templates were generated in an Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysis of data was done using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 20.0. Quantitative data were presented as frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 682 patients presented with acute hepatitis. The AVH patients comprised 467 males (68.5%) and 215 (31.5%) females with the mean age 39.6±18.87 years. The current study reports the seroprevalence of 9.18% HAV and 8.35% of HEV. A total of 4 patients tested positive for coinfection with HAV and HEV. Most of the HAV patients belonged to an age group less than or equal to 12 years (25,58.1%) and none were more than 60 years. However, none of the HEV patients were children and most of them were aged between 13 to 60 years (46,92%). A male preponderance among HAV (28,65.1%), and HEV (38,76%) was noted. Conclusion: Low seroprevalence was noted, with infection more common in younger age group and male patients. Further studies and vaccination along with surveillance system strengthening are warranted.https://njlm.net/article_FULLTEXT.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2023&month=January&volume=12&issue=1&page=MO29%20-%20MO32&id=2704hepatitis a virushepatitis e virusprevalenceseasonal variations |
| spellingShingle | Neelima Singh Nidhi Prasad, Vidyut Prakash Dipali Prasad Ravikant Kumar Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study National Journal of Laboratory Medicine hepatitis a virus hepatitis e virus prevalence seasonal variations |
| title | Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full | Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_short | Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in the Patients Presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis in Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study |
| title_sort | prevalence of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus infection in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis in eastern india a cross sectional study |
| topic | hepatitis a virus hepatitis e virus prevalence seasonal variations |
| url | https://njlm.net/article_FULLTEXT.aspx?issn=0973-709x&year=2023&month=January&volume=12&issue=1&page=MO29%20-%20MO32&id=2704 |
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