“Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms
BackgroundPatients with psychosis often present significant neurocognitive deficits, with executive function deficits (EEFF) being one of the most relevant cognitive impairments with the greatest impact on the functioning of their daily lives. However, although various findings of executive involvem...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571271/full |
| _version_ | 1828783628143820800 |
|---|---|
| author | Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda Encarnación Santiago-Molina Haney Aguirre-Loaiza María Teresa Daza González María Teresa Daza González |
| author_facet | Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda Encarnación Santiago-Molina Haney Aguirre-Loaiza María Teresa Daza González María Teresa Daza González |
| author_sort | Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundPatients with psychosis often present significant neurocognitive deficits, with executive function deficits (EEFF) being one of the most relevant cognitive impairments with the greatest impact on the functioning of their daily lives. However, although various findings of executive involvement were reported, it is not entirely clear whether there is a differential pattern of involvement according to the clinical symptoms or the deficits occur in all or only in some subcomponents of EEFF.ObjectiveThe present study had a double objective: to study the specific deficits in the cool and hot EEFF in a group of psychotic patients with a predominance of negative symptoms; and determine the possible associations between the performance of the patients in the cool an hot EEFF tasks with the negative symptoms, and with the behavioral alterations associated with the dysexecutive syndrome.Method:66 participants, 33 psychotic patients with a predominance of negative symptoms and 33 healthy control subjects matched in gender, age and educational level participated. Both groups were administered 4 cool EEFF tasks (coding/maintenance and updating of information in working memory, ability to change the mental set and planning), and 3 hot EEFF tasks (decision making in situations of uncertainty, recognition of emotions through facial expressions and theory of mind). In the group of patients, the Negative symptoms were evaluated through the Scale for the Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and the behavioral alterations associated with dysexecutive syndrome through the subscale of “Executive Dysfunction” of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale.ResultsPatients performed worse on three cool EEFF tasks and on two of the hot EEFF tasks. Additionally, we found a correlation between the SANS score and the “executive dysfunction” subscale, with the cold EEFF task that measures planning.ConclusionOur findings showed that in psychotic patients with a predominance of negative symptoms, both, the cognitive (cool) and emotional (hot) components of executive functions are affected. The results reinforce the need for a cognitive rehabilitation treatment of the executive components of the working memory and of those more socio-emotional aspects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:15:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0bd68a8f4c94261a6e677f5bed6abce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T23:15:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0bd68a8f4c94261a6e677f5bed6abce2022-12-22T00:46:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782020-11-011110.3389/fpsyg.2020.571271571271“Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic SymptomsPamela Ruiz-Castañeda0Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda1Encarnación Santiago-Molina2Haney Aguirre-Loaiza3María Teresa Daza González4María Teresa Daza González5Neuropsychological Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center, University of Almería, Almeria, SpainDepartment of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, SpainHospital Day of the Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Almeria, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Pereira, Pereira, ColombiaNeuropsychological Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center, University of Almería, Almeria, SpainDepartment of Psychology, University of Almería, Almeria, SpainBackgroundPatients with psychosis often present significant neurocognitive deficits, with executive function deficits (EEFF) being one of the most relevant cognitive impairments with the greatest impact on the functioning of their daily lives. However, although various findings of executive involvement were reported, it is not entirely clear whether there is a differential pattern of involvement according to the clinical symptoms or the deficits occur in all or only in some subcomponents of EEFF.ObjectiveThe present study had a double objective: to study the specific deficits in the cool and hot EEFF in a group of psychotic patients with a predominance of negative symptoms; and determine the possible associations between the performance of the patients in the cool an hot EEFF tasks with the negative symptoms, and with the behavioral alterations associated with the dysexecutive syndrome.Method:66 participants, 33 psychotic patients with a predominance of negative symptoms and 33 healthy control subjects matched in gender, age and educational level participated. Both groups were administered 4 cool EEFF tasks (coding/maintenance and updating of information in working memory, ability to change the mental set and planning), and 3 hot EEFF tasks (decision making in situations of uncertainty, recognition of emotions through facial expressions and theory of mind). In the group of patients, the Negative symptoms were evaluated through the Scale for the Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and the behavioral alterations associated with dysexecutive syndrome through the subscale of “Executive Dysfunction” of the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale.ResultsPatients performed worse on three cool EEFF tasks and on two of the hot EEFF tasks. Additionally, we found a correlation between the SANS score and the “executive dysfunction” subscale, with the cold EEFF task that measures planning.ConclusionOur findings showed that in psychotic patients with a predominance of negative symptoms, both, the cognitive (cool) and emotional (hot) components of executive functions are affected. The results reinforce the need for a cognitive rehabilitation treatment of the executive components of the working memory and of those more socio-emotional aspects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571271/fullhot executive functionspsychosisfrontosubcortical syndromesdysexecutive syndromenegative symptomscool executive function |
| spellingShingle | Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda Pamela Ruiz-Castañeda Encarnación Santiago-Molina Haney Aguirre-Loaiza María Teresa Daza González María Teresa Daza González “Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms Frontiers in Psychology hot executive functions psychosis frontosubcortical syndromes dysexecutive syndrome negative symptoms cool executive function |
| title | “Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms |
| title_full | “Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms |
| title_fullStr | “Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms |
| title_full_unstemmed | “Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms |
| title_short | “Cool” and “Hot” Executive Functions in Patients With a Predominance of Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms |
| title_sort | cool and hot executive functions in patients with a predominance of negative schizophrenic symptoms |
| topic | hot executive functions psychosis frontosubcortical syndromes dysexecutive syndrome negative symptoms cool executive function |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571271/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pamelaruizcastaneda coolandhotexecutivefunctionsinpatientswithapredominanceofnegativeschizophrenicsymptoms AT pamelaruizcastaneda coolandhotexecutivefunctionsinpatientswithapredominanceofnegativeschizophrenicsymptoms AT encarnacionsantiagomolina coolandhotexecutivefunctionsinpatientswithapredominanceofnegativeschizophrenicsymptoms AT haneyaguirreloaiza coolandhotexecutivefunctionsinpatientswithapredominanceofnegativeschizophrenicsymptoms AT mariateresadazagonzalez coolandhotexecutivefunctionsinpatientswithapredominanceofnegativeschizophrenicsymptoms AT mariateresadazagonzalez coolandhotexecutivefunctionsinpatientswithapredominanceofnegativeschizophrenicsymptoms |