APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma
Glioma is the common, most aggressive and poorest prognostic tumor type in the brain. More and more biomarkers associated with glioma treatment, prognosis, and immunity are being discovered. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying biological functions and prognostic predictive value of Apolipoprote...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5765 |
| _version_ | 1797478642352128000 |
|---|---|
| author | Hua Zhu Xinyao Hu Shi Feng Yuntao Li Yonggang Zhang Sheng Qiu Ran Chen Yingze Ye Lijuan Gu Zhihong Jian Ximing Xu Xiaoxing Xiong |
| author_facet | Hua Zhu Xinyao Hu Shi Feng Yuntao Li Yonggang Zhang Sheng Qiu Ran Chen Yingze Ye Lijuan Gu Zhihong Jian Ximing Xu Xiaoxing Xiong |
| author_sort | Hua Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glioma is the common, most aggressive and poorest prognostic tumor type in the brain. More and more biomarkers associated with glioma treatment, prognosis, and immunity are being discovered. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying biological functions and prognostic predictive value of Apolipoprotein L4 (APOL4) in glioma. We downloaded the expression data of APOL4 and clinical information from several databases and used R software for preprocessing. The clinical significance of APOL4 in a glioma outcome was explored by the Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, immune infiltrates and microenvironmental indicators were assessed by CIBERSORT and TIMER. GO and KEGG analyses were used to analyze the potential functions of APOL4 in gliomas. APOL4 expression was increased in glioma specimens compared to normal tissues and correlated dramatically with the WHO grade. A survival analysis showed a shorter overall survival (OS) in glioma patients with APOL4 overexpression, and a Cox regression analysis showed that APOL4 was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of glioma patients. GSEA, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses showed remarkable enrichment in immune-related pathways. APOL4 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration (including DC cells, neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, etc.) and microenvironmental parameters (including immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores) in gliomas. Glioma patients with a higher expression of APOL4 may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). In conclusion, these findings suggest that APOL4 is associated with the tumor grade and immune infiltrates; APOL4 may be a new and potential biomarker for therapeutic and prognostic evaluations that may further suggest the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:34:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0d2b88395844832b2ea72235449b11c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:34:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0d2b88395844832b2ea72235449b11c2023-11-23T20:48:23ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-09-011119576510.3390/jcm11195765APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for GliomaHua Zhu0Xinyao Hu1Shi Feng2Yuntao Li3Yonggang Zhang4Sheng Qiu5Ran Chen6Yingze Ye7Lijuan Gu8Zhihong Jian9Ximing Xu10Xiaoxing Xiong11Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, ChinaCancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaCentral Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaCancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, ChinaGlioma is the common, most aggressive and poorest prognostic tumor type in the brain. More and more biomarkers associated with glioma treatment, prognosis, and immunity are being discovered. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying biological functions and prognostic predictive value of Apolipoprotein L4 (APOL4) in glioma. We downloaded the expression data of APOL4 and clinical information from several databases and used R software for preprocessing. The clinical significance of APOL4 in a glioma outcome was explored by the Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, immune infiltrates and microenvironmental indicators were assessed by CIBERSORT and TIMER. GO and KEGG analyses were used to analyze the potential functions of APOL4 in gliomas. APOL4 expression was increased in glioma specimens compared to normal tissues and correlated dramatically with the WHO grade. A survival analysis showed a shorter overall survival (OS) in glioma patients with APOL4 overexpression, and a Cox regression analysis showed that APOL4 was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of glioma patients. GSEA, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses showed remarkable enrichment in immune-related pathways. APOL4 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration (including DC cells, neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, etc.) and microenvironmental parameters (including immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores) in gliomas. Glioma patients with a higher expression of APOL4 may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). In conclusion, these findings suggest that APOL4 is associated with the tumor grade and immune infiltrates; APOL4 may be a new and potential biomarker for therapeutic and prognostic evaluations that may further suggest the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5765APOL4gliomaprognosisICItumor-infiltrating cells |
| spellingShingle | Hua Zhu Xinyao Hu Shi Feng Yuntao Li Yonggang Zhang Sheng Qiu Ran Chen Yingze Ye Lijuan Gu Zhihong Jian Ximing Xu Xiaoxing Xiong APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma Journal of Clinical Medicine APOL4 glioma prognosis ICI tumor-infiltrating cells |
| title | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
| title_full | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
| title_fullStr | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
| title_full_unstemmed | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
| title_short | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
| title_sort | apol4 a novel immune related prognostic biomarker for glioma |
| topic | APOL4 glioma prognosis ICI tumor-infiltrating cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5765 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT huazhu apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT xinyaohu apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT shifeng apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT yuntaoli apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT yonggangzhang apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT shengqiu apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT ranchen apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT yingzeye apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT lijuangu apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT zhihongjian apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT ximingxu apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma AT xiaoxingxiong apol4anovelimmunerelatedprognosticbiomarkerforglioma |