Modal Superlatives And 3-Place Vs. 2-Place -Est

<p>Superlative sentences with modal modifiers like <em>possible</em> give rise to the so-called 'modal superlative reading' (Larson 2000, Schwarz 2005). The present paper uses this reading to investigate an open issue in degree constructions: whereas two different lexical...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Maribel Romero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: New Prairie Press 2010-12-01
Series:The Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/biyclc.v6i0.1577
Description
Summary:<p>Superlative sentences with modal modifiers like <em>possible</em> give rise to the so-called 'modal superlative reading' (Larson 2000, Schwarz 2005). The present paper uses this reading to investigate an open issue in degree constructions: whereas two different lexical entries have been argued to exist for the comparative morpheme -<em>er</em> (3-place and 2-place), it is not clear whether two entries are needed for the superlative morpheme -<em>est</em>. The paper argues that, with 3-place –<em>est</em>, otherwise unmotivated syntactic material would to have to be postulated and that, even with this material, not all modal superlative examples would be assigned correct truth conditions. In contrast, 2-place -<em>est</em> can generate the modal superlative reading in all the cases, as shown in Romero (to appear, under review). Modal superlative sentences, thus, provide evidence that 2-place –<em>est</em> is needed in the grammar.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>Beck, S. &amp; Rullmann, H. 1996. ‘Degree Questions, Maximal Informativeness, and Exhaustivity’. In P. Dekker &amp; M. Stokhof (eds.) ‘Proceedings of the Tenth Amsterdam Colloquium’, 73–92. Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam.<br /><br />Bhatt, R. &amp; Takahashi, S. 2008. ‘When to reduce and when not to: crosslinguistic variation in phrasal comparatives.’ Paper presented at GLOW XXXI.<br /><br />Büring, D. 2007. ‘Comparative Sandwichology’. In R. Colavin, K. Cooke, K. Davidson, S. Fukuda &amp; A. Del Guidice (eds.) ‘Proceedings of WECOL 2007’, 17–28. University of California, San Diego.<br /><br />Corver, N. 1997. ‘Much-support as last resort’. Linguistic Inquiry 21: 119–164.<br /><br />Fiengo, R. &amp; May, R. 1994. Indices and Identity. MIT Press.<br /><br />Grosu, A. &amp; Landman, F. 1998. ‘Strange Relatives of the Third Kind’. Natural Language Semantics 6: 125–170.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008268401837" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008268401837</a><br /><br />Hackl, M. 2000. Comparative Quantifiers. Ph.D. thesis, MIT.<br /><br />Hackl, M. 2009. ‘On the Grammar and Processing of Proportional Quantifiers: Most versus More Than Half’. Natural Language Semantics 17: 63–98.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-008-9039-x" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11050-008-9039-x<br /></a><br />Heim, I. 1985. ‘Notes on comparatives and related matters’. U. Texas at Austin lecture notes.<br /><br />Heim, I. 1987. ‘Where does the definiteness restriction apply? Evidence from the definiteness of variables’. In E. Reuland &amp; A. ter Meulen (eds.) ‘The Linguistic Representation of (In)definiteness’, 21–42. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.<br /><br />Heim, I. 1999. ‘Notes on Superlatives’. MIT lecture notes.<br /><br />Heim, I. 2000. ‘Degree Operators and Scope’. In B. Jackson &amp; T. Matthews (eds.) ‘Proceedings of SALT X’, 40–64. Cornell NY: CLC Publications.<br /><br />Heim, I. 2006. ‘Little’. In Proceedings of SALT XVI, ed. M. Gibson and J. Howell. Cornell, NY: CLC Publications.<br /><br />Heim, I. &amp; Kratzer, A. 1998. Semantics in Generative Grammar. Malden, Mass., Oxford: Kluwer.<br /><br />Jacobs, J. 1983. Fokus und Skalen. Zur Syntax und Semantik der Gradpartikel im Deutschen. Tübingen: Niemeyer.<br /><br />Kennedy, C. 2001. ‘Polar Opposition and the Ontology of ‘Degrees”. Linguistics and Philosophy 24: 33–70.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005668525906" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005668525906<br /></a><br />Krifka, M. 1998. ‘Additive Particles under Stress’. In D. Strolovitsch &amp; D. Lawson (eds.) ‘Proceedings of SALT VIII’, 111–128. Cornell NY: CLC Publications.<br /><br />Krifka, M. 2006. ‘Association with Focus Phrases’. In V. Molnar &amp; S. Winkler (eds.) ‘The Architecture of Focus’, 105–136. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.<br /><br />Larson, R. 2000. ‘ACD in AP?’ Paper presented at WCCFL 19.<br /><br />Pancheva, R. 2005. ‘Modal Superlatives’. In E. Georgala &amp; J. Howell (eds.) ‘Proceedings of SALT XV’, 187–204. Cornell, NY: CLC Publications.<br /><br />Pancheva, R. 2006. ‘Phrasal and Clausal Comparatives in Slavic’. In J. Lavine, S. Franks,<br /><br />M. Tasseva-Kurktchieva &amp; H. Filip (eds.) ‘Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics 14: The Princeton Meeting’, 236–257. Princeton University.<br /><br />Romero, M. 2011. ‘Modal Superlatives: A Compositional Analysis’. Ms. University of Konstanz (submitted to a journal).<br /><br />Romero, M. to appear. ‘Decomposing Modal Superlatives’. In Proceedings of NELS 41. Amherst, Mass.: GLSA.<br /><br />Rooth, M. 1985. Association with Focus. Ph.D. thesis, UMass Amherst.<br /><br />Rullmann, H. 1995. Maximality in the Semantics of Wh-Constructions. Ph.D. thesis, UMass Amherst.<br /><br />Schwarzschild, R. &amp; Wilkinson, K. 2002. ‘Quantifiers in Comparatives: A Semantics of Degree based on Intervals’. Natural Language Semantics 10: 1–41.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015545424775" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015545424775</a><br /><br />Seuren, P. A. M. 1973. ‘The Comparative’. In Generative Grammar in Europe, ed. F. Kiefer and N. Ruwet. Dordrecht: Reidel.<br /><br />Sharvit, Y. &amp; Stateva, P. 2002. ‘Superlative Expressions, Context, and Focus’. Linguistics and Philosophy 25: 453–505.<br /><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020875809794" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020875809794</a><br /><br />Szabolcsi, A. 1986. ‘Comparative Superlatives’. In N. Fukui, T. R. Rapoport &amp; E. Sagey (eds.) ‘Papers in Theoretical Linguistics’, 245–266. MITWPL 8. Cambridge.<br /><br />von Stechow, A. 1984. ‘Comparing semantic theories of comparison’. Journal of Semantics 3: 1–77.<br /><br />von Stechow, A. 1990. ‘Focusing and backgrounding operators’. In W. Abraham (ed.) ‘Discourse particles’, 37–84. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<br /><br />von Stechow, A. to appear. ‘Tenses in Compositional Semantics’. To be published in ed. W. Klein. The Expression Time in Language.</p>
ISSN:1944-3676