Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems
Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great deal of attention as potential theranostic agents. Despite extensive work on a wide variety of metal oxide NPs, few chemically active metal oxide NPs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance. The clinical translation of metal ox...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/4/547 |
| _version_ | 1797539204188602368 |
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| author | Joseph S. Erlichman James C. Leiter |
| author_facet | Joseph S. Erlichman James C. Leiter |
| author_sort | Joseph S. Erlichman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great deal of attention as potential theranostic agents. Despite extensive work on a wide variety of metal oxide NPs, few chemically active metal oxide NPs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance. The clinical translation of metal oxide NP activity, which often looks so promising in preclinical studies, has not progressed as rapidly as one might expect. The lack of FDA approval for metal oxide NPs appears to be a consequence of the complex transformation of NP chemistry as any given NP passes through multiple extra- and intracellular environments and interacts with a variety of proteins and transport processes that may degrade or transform the chemical properties of the metal oxide NP. Moreover, the translational models frequently used to study these materials do not represent the final therapeutic environment well, and studies in reduced preparations have, all too frequently, predicted fundamentally different physico-chemical properties from the biological activity observed in intact organisms. Understanding the evolving pharmacology of metal oxide NPs as they interact with biological systems is critical to establish translational test systems that effectively predict future theranostic activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0deb626c23c4595ad6e37ea295c513d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0deb626c23c4595ad6e37ea295c513d2023-11-21T13:47:36ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-04-0110454710.3390/antiox10040547Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological SystemsJoseph S. Erlichman0James C. Leiter1Department of Biology, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USAWhite River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USAMetal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great deal of attention as potential theranostic agents. Despite extensive work on a wide variety of metal oxide NPs, few chemically active metal oxide NPs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance. The clinical translation of metal oxide NP activity, which often looks so promising in preclinical studies, has not progressed as rapidly as one might expect. The lack of FDA approval for metal oxide NPs appears to be a consequence of the complex transformation of NP chemistry as any given NP passes through multiple extra- and intracellular environments and interacts with a variety of proteins and transport processes that may degrade or transform the chemical properties of the metal oxide NP. Moreover, the translational models frequently used to study these materials do not represent the final therapeutic environment well, and studies in reduced preparations have, all too frequently, predicted fundamentally different physico-chemical properties from the biological activity observed in intact organisms. Understanding the evolving pharmacology of metal oxide NPs as they interact with biological systems is critical to establish translational test systems that effectively predict future theranostic activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/4/547cell traffickingendocytosisexocytosisprotein coronaredox chemistry |
| spellingShingle | Joseph S. Erlichman James C. Leiter Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems Antioxidants cell trafficking endocytosis exocytosis protein corona redox chemistry |
| title | Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems |
| title_full | Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems |
| title_fullStr | Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems |
| title_short | Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems |
| title_sort | complexity of the nano bio interface and the tortuous path of metal oxides in biological systems |
| topic | cell trafficking endocytosis exocytosis protein corona redox chemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/4/547 |
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