Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS
Simultaneous determination of a mixture of food contaminants, including pesticides, sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, anthelmintics, and aflatoxin B1, in solid biological samples (chicken liver) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (DLLME...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2594 |
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| author | Belete Eshetu Gebreyohannes Simiso Dube Mathew Muzi Nindi |
| author_facet | Belete Eshetu Gebreyohannes Simiso Dube Mathew Muzi Nindi |
| author_sort | Belete Eshetu Gebreyohannes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Simultaneous determination of a mixture of food contaminants, including pesticides, sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, anthelmintics, and aflatoxin B1, in solid biological samples (chicken liver) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (DLLME/LC-HRMS) is presented. Previous work focused on the application of DLLME to single-class contaminants. In this work, the DLLME extraction method has been extended to complex multiresidues in the biological matrix. The first part of this study was the selection of an appropriate solvent that enabled the dissolution of analytes from the chicken livers. The matrix-matched calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 0.5–50.0 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> for aflatoxin B1 and 50–500 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> for pesticides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, and anthelmintics, with a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.9916–0.9967. The mean recoveries were in the range of 80.4–96.3%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were in the range of 1.53–8.98%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.03 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.09 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for aflatoxin B1, and for pesticides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, and anthelmintics, they were in the range of 0.011–1.197 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.150–2.579 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The developed method was compared with the standard solid phase extraction (SPE) method, and there was no significant difference between the two methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:41:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c0ed61fac4e948bbb54bf29a116ff643 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:41:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0ed61fac4e948bbb54bf29a116ff6432023-11-18T16:34:48ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-07-011213259410.3390/foods12132594Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MSBelete Eshetu Gebreyohannes0Simiso Dube1Mathew Muzi Nindi2Department of Chemistry, The Science Campus, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Florida 1709, South AfricaDepartment of Chemistry, The Science Campus, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Florida 1709, South AfricaInstitute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, The Science Campus, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Corner of Christiaan de Wet Road & Pioneer Avenue, Florida 1709, South AfricaSimultaneous determination of a mixture of food contaminants, including pesticides, sulphonamides, fluoroquinolones, anthelmintics, and aflatoxin B1, in solid biological samples (chicken liver) by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction/liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (DLLME/LC-HRMS) is presented. Previous work focused on the application of DLLME to single-class contaminants. In this work, the DLLME extraction method has been extended to complex multiresidues in the biological matrix. The first part of this study was the selection of an appropriate solvent that enabled the dissolution of analytes from the chicken livers. The matrix-matched calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 0.5–50.0 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> for aflatoxin B1 and 50–500 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> for pesticides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, and anthelmintics, with a coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) values of 0.9916–0.9967. The mean recoveries were in the range of 80.4–96.3%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were in the range of 1.53–8.98%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.03 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.09 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, for aflatoxin B1, and for pesticides, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, and anthelmintics, they were in the range of 0.011–1.197 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 0.150–2.579 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The developed method was compared with the standard solid phase extraction (SPE) method, and there was no significant difference between the two methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2594pesticidessulphonamidesfluoroquinolonesanthelminticsAflatoxin B1dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction |
| spellingShingle | Belete Eshetu Gebreyohannes Simiso Dube Mathew Muzi Nindi Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS Foods pesticides sulphonamides fluoroquinolones anthelmintics Aflatoxin B1 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction |
| title | Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS |
| title_full | Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS |
| title_short | Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Contaminants in Chicken Liver Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Detected by LC-HRMS/MS |
| title_sort | simultaneous determination of multiple contaminants in chicken liver using dispersive liquid liquid microextraction dllme detected by lc hrms ms |
| topic | pesticides sulphonamides fluoroquinolones anthelmintics Aflatoxin B1 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2594 |
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