Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability
Abstract Prolonged low energy availability, which is the underpinning aetiology of the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and the Female and Male Athlete Triad frameworks, can have unfavourable impacts on both health and performance in athletes. Energy availability is calculated as energy intake mi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Sports Medicine - Open |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00558-8 |
| _version_ | 1797864586402070528 |
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| author | Caroline A. Tarnowski Sophie L. Wardle Thomas J. O’Leary Robert M. Gifford Julie P. Greeves Gareth A. Wallis |
| author_facet | Caroline A. Tarnowski Sophie L. Wardle Thomas J. O’Leary Robert M. Gifford Julie P. Greeves Gareth A. Wallis |
| author_sort | Caroline A. Tarnowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Prolonged low energy availability, which is the underpinning aetiology of the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and the Female and Male Athlete Triad frameworks, can have unfavourable impacts on both health and performance in athletes. Energy availability is calculated as energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure, expressed relative to fat free mass. The current measurement of energy intake is recognized as a major limitation for assessing energy availability due to its reliance on self-report methods, in addition to its short-term nature. This article introduces the application of the energy balance method for the measurement of energy intake, within the context of energy availability. The energy balance method requires quantification of the change in body energy stores over time, with concurrent measurement of total energy expenditure. This provides an objective calculation of energy intake, which can then be used for the assessment of energy availability. This approach, the Energy Availability - Energy Balance (EAEB) method, increases the reliance on objective measurements, provides an indication of energy availability status over longer periods and removes athlete burden to self-report energy intake. Implementation of the EAEB method could be used to objectively identify and detect low energy availability, with implications for the diagnosis and management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and the Female and Male Athlete Triad. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:55:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0eeb6f8827b406d905b6a9cc7005933 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2198-9761 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:55:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports Medicine - Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0eeb6f8827b406d905b6a9cc70059332023-03-22T11:19:55ZengSpringerOpenSports Medicine - Open2198-97612023-02-01911710.1186/s40798-023-00558-8Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy AvailabilityCaroline A. Tarnowski0Sophie L. Wardle1Thomas J. O’Leary2Robert M. Gifford3Julie P. Greeves4Gareth A. Wallis5School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of BirminghamArmy Health and Performance Research, Army HeadquartersArmy Health and Performance Research, Army HeadquartersBritish Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghArmy Health and Performance Research, Army HeadquartersSchool of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of BirminghamAbstract Prolonged low energy availability, which is the underpinning aetiology of the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and the Female and Male Athlete Triad frameworks, can have unfavourable impacts on both health and performance in athletes. Energy availability is calculated as energy intake minus exercise energy expenditure, expressed relative to fat free mass. The current measurement of energy intake is recognized as a major limitation for assessing energy availability due to its reliance on self-report methods, in addition to its short-term nature. This article introduces the application of the energy balance method for the measurement of energy intake, within the context of energy availability. The energy balance method requires quantification of the change in body energy stores over time, with concurrent measurement of total energy expenditure. This provides an objective calculation of energy intake, which can then be used for the assessment of energy availability. This approach, the Energy Availability - Energy Balance (EAEB) method, increases the reliance on objective measurements, provides an indication of energy availability status over longer periods and removes athlete burden to self-report energy intake. Implementation of the EAEB method could be used to objectively identify and detect low energy availability, with implications for the diagnosis and management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport and the Female and Male Athlete Triad.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00558-8Low energy availabilityRelative energy deficiency in sportFemale and male athlete triadExerciseNutritionAthlete |
| spellingShingle | Caroline A. Tarnowski Sophie L. Wardle Thomas J. O’Leary Robert M. Gifford Julie P. Greeves Gareth A. Wallis Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability Sports Medicine - Open Low energy availability Relative energy deficiency in sport Female and male athlete triad Exercise Nutrition Athlete |
| title | Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability |
| title_full | Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability |
| title_fullStr | Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability |
| title_short | Measurement of Energy Intake Using the Principle of Energy Balance Overcomes a Critical Limitation in the Assessment of Energy Availability |
| title_sort | measurement of energy intake using the principle of energy balance overcomes a critical limitation in the assessment of energy availability |
| topic | Low energy availability Relative energy deficiency in sport Female and male athlete triad Exercise Nutrition Athlete |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-023-00558-8 |
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