Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice
The no-tillage, direct-seeded (NTDS) rice cropping system has attracted considerable attention because of its social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, very limited research has been conducted on optimizing nitrogen (N) management practices to enhance grain yield and N use efficiency (N...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2092 |
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| author | Peng Jiang Xingbing Zhou Lin Zhang Mao Liu Hong Xiong Xiaoyi Guo Yongchuan Zhu Lin Chen Jie Liu Fuxian Xu |
| author_facet | Peng Jiang Xingbing Zhou Lin Zhang Mao Liu Hong Xiong Xiaoyi Guo Yongchuan Zhu Lin Chen Jie Liu Fuxian Xu |
| author_sort | Peng Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The no-tillage, direct-seeded (NTDS) rice cropping system has attracted considerable attention because of its social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, very limited research has been conducted on optimizing nitrogen (N) management practices to enhance grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of rice grown in NTDS. An N fertilization field experiment with two rice hybrids was conducted in 2020 and 2021; the experiment consisted of three N rates (180, 153, and 0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>; N<sub>180</sub>, N<sub>153</sub>, and N<sub>0</sub>, respectively) and two N-application ratios split among the basal, seedling (three-leaf stage), mid-tillering, and panicle initiation stages (50%, 0%, 30%, and 20% and 0%, 30%, 40%, and 30%; R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub>, respectively). Although the N rate was 15% lower in the N<sub>153</sub> treatment than in the N<sub>180</sub> treatment, grain yield for N<sub>153</sub> was equal to or slightly higher than that for N<sub>180</sub>. N<sub>153</sub> had a higher agronomic efficiency of applied N (AE<sub>N</sub>), partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP<sub>N</sub>), and recovery efficiency of applied N (RE<sub>N</sub>) compared to N<sub>180</sub> by 10.1–24.7%, 15.0–20.1%, and 1.8–12.6%, respectively. Grain yield, AE<sub>N</sub>, PFP<sub>N</sub>, and RE<sub>N</sub> in R<sub>2</sub> were higher than those in R<sub>1</sub> by 0.8–4.6%, 2.4–19.7%, 0.7–4.6%, and 3.5–30.0%, respectively. The increase in grain yield was due to improvement in the sink size that resulted from larger panicles, higher biomass production at maturity, which was partially attributable to increased biomass accumulation after heading, and a higher harvest index. Our results suggest that it is feasible to simultaneously improve grain yield and NUE in hybrid rice under NTDS through delayed and reduced N application rate, and current breeding programs need to target large panicle size as a primary objective for NTDS rice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0f66913f79e4bf09e8639c7c4b2ae36 |
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| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0f66913f79e4bf09e8639c7c4b2ae362023-11-23T14:37:12ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-01129209210.3390/agronomy12092092Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid RicePeng Jiang0Xingbing Zhou1Lin Zhang2Mao Liu3Hong Xiong4Xiaoyi Guo5Yongchuan Zhu6Lin Chen7Jie Liu8Fuxian Xu9Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang 618000, ChinaThe no-tillage, direct-seeded (NTDS) rice cropping system has attracted considerable attention because of its social, economic, and environmental benefits. However, very limited research has been conducted on optimizing nitrogen (N) management practices to enhance grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of rice grown in NTDS. An N fertilization field experiment with two rice hybrids was conducted in 2020 and 2021; the experiment consisted of three N rates (180, 153, and 0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>; N<sub>180</sub>, N<sub>153</sub>, and N<sub>0</sub>, respectively) and two N-application ratios split among the basal, seedling (three-leaf stage), mid-tillering, and panicle initiation stages (50%, 0%, 30%, and 20% and 0%, 30%, 40%, and 30%; R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub>, respectively). Although the N rate was 15% lower in the N<sub>153</sub> treatment than in the N<sub>180</sub> treatment, grain yield for N<sub>153</sub> was equal to or slightly higher than that for N<sub>180</sub>. N<sub>153</sub> had a higher agronomic efficiency of applied N (AE<sub>N</sub>), partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP<sub>N</sub>), and recovery efficiency of applied N (RE<sub>N</sub>) compared to N<sub>180</sub> by 10.1–24.7%, 15.0–20.1%, and 1.8–12.6%, respectively. Grain yield, AE<sub>N</sub>, PFP<sub>N</sub>, and RE<sub>N</sub> in R<sub>2</sub> were higher than those in R<sub>1</sub> by 0.8–4.6%, 2.4–19.7%, 0.7–4.6%, and 3.5–30.0%, respectively. The increase in grain yield was due to improvement in the sink size that resulted from larger panicles, higher biomass production at maturity, which was partially attributable to increased biomass accumulation after heading, and a higher harvest index. Our results suggest that it is feasible to simultaneously improve grain yield and NUE in hybrid rice under NTDS through delayed and reduced N application rate, and current breeding programs need to target large panicle size as a primary objective for NTDS rice.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2092hybrid riceno-tillagedirect seedinggrain yieldnitrogen use efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Peng Jiang Xingbing Zhou Lin Zhang Mao Liu Hong Xiong Xiaoyi Guo Yongchuan Zhu Lin Chen Jie Liu Fuxian Xu Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice Agronomy hybrid rice no-tillage direct seeding grain yield nitrogen use efficiency |
| title | Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice |
| title_full | Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice |
| title_fullStr | Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice |
| title_short | Delaying Application and Reducing the N Rate Enhances Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in No-Tillage, Direct-Seeded Hybrid Rice |
| title_sort | delaying application and reducing the n rate enhances grain yield and n use efficiency in no tillage direct seeded hybrid rice |
| topic | hybrid rice no-tillage direct seeding grain yield nitrogen use efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2092 |
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