Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure in an adult male can affect the reproductive system, which may also adversely affect the next generation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the BPA-induced disruption of the association and functional characteristics of the testicular germ cells, which the...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Polash Chandra Karmakar Jin Seop Ahn Yong-Hee Kim Sang-Eun Jung Bang-Jin Kim Hee-Seok Lee Sun-Uk Kim Md Saidur Rahman Myung-Geol Pang Buom-Yong Ryu |
| author_facet | Polash Chandra Karmakar Jin Seop Ahn Yong-Hee Kim Sang-Eun Jung Bang-Jin Kim Hee-Seok Lee Sun-Uk Kim Md Saidur Rahman Myung-Geol Pang Buom-Yong Ryu |
| author_sort | Polash Chandra Karmakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure in an adult male can affect the reproductive system, which may also adversely affect the next generation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the BPA-induced disruption of the association and functional characteristics of the testicular germ cells, which the present study sought to investigate. Adult male mice were administered BPA doses by gavage for six consecutive weeks and allowed to breed, producing generations F1–F4. Testis samples from each generation were evaluated for several parameters, including abnormal structure, alterations in germ cell proportions, apoptosis, and loss of functional properties of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). We observed that at the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) dose, the testicular abnormalities and alterations in seminiferous epithelium staging persisted in F0–F2 generations, although a reduced total spermatogonia count was found only in F0. However, abnormalities in the proportions of germ cells were observed until F2. Exposure of the male mice (F0) to BPA alters the morphology of the testis along with the association of germ cells and stemness properties of SSCs, with the effects persisting up to F2. Therefore, we conclude that BPA induces physiological and functional disruption in male germ cells, which may lead to reproductive health issues in the next generation. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0fb9fa7d9b3493d9e1f1cd8fde2eaa82023-11-20T08:25:27ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-07-012115540810.3390/ijms21155408Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem CellsPolash Chandra Karmakar0Jin Seop Ahn1Yong-Hee Kim2Sang-Eun Jung3Bang-Jin Kim4Hee-Seok Lee5Sun-Uk Kim6Md Saidur Rahman7Myung-Geol Pang8Buom-Yong Ryu9Department of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaDepartment of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaNational Primate Research Center and Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Ochang 28116, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, KoreaBisphenol-A (BPA) exposure in an adult male can affect the reproductive system, which may also adversely affect the next generation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the BPA-induced disruption of the association and functional characteristics of the testicular germ cells, which the present study sought to investigate. Adult male mice were administered BPA doses by gavage for six consecutive weeks and allowed to breed, producing generations F1–F4. Testis samples from each generation were evaluated for several parameters, including abnormal structure, alterations in germ cell proportions, apoptosis, and loss of functional properties of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). We observed that at the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) dose, the testicular abnormalities and alterations in seminiferous epithelium staging persisted in F0–F2 generations, although a reduced total spermatogonia count was found only in F0. However, abnormalities in the proportions of germ cells were observed until F2. Exposure of the male mice (F0) to BPA alters the morphology of the testis along with the association of germ cells and stemness properties of SSCs, with the effects persisting up to F2. Therefore, we conclude that BPA induces physiological and functional disruption in male germ cells, which may lead to reproductive health issues in the next generation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/15/5408bisphenol Atestis morphologygerm cell associationsapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Polash Chandra Karmakar Jin Seop Ahn Yong-Hee Kim Sang-Eun Jung Bang-Jin Kim Hee-Seok Lee Sun-Uk Kim Md Saidur Rahman Myung-Geol Pang Buom-Yong Ryu Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences bisphenol A testis morphology germ cell associations apoptosis |
| title | Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells |
| title_full | Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells |
| title_short | Paternal Exposure to Bisphenol-A Transgenerationally Impairs Testis Morphology, Germ Cell Associations, and Stemness Properties of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells |
| title_sort | paternal exposure to bisphenol a transgenerationally impairs testis morphology germ cell associations and stemness properties of mouse spermatogonial stem cells |
| topic | bisphenol A testis morphology germ cell associations apoptosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/15/5408 |
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