Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations
Our perspective on nature has changed throughout history and at the same time has affected directly or indirectly our perception of biological processes. In that sense, the “fluxus” of information in a viral population arises a result of a much more complex process than the encoding of a protein by...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02625/full |
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| author | Luis A. Scolaro Julieta S. Roldan Julieta S. Roldan Clara Theaux Elsa B. Damonte Elsa B. Damonte Maria J. Carlucci Maria J. Carlucci |
| author_facet | Luis A. Scolaro Julieta S. Roldan Julieta S. Roldan Clara Theaux Elsa B. Damonte Elsa B. Damonte Maria J. Carlucci Maria J. Carlucci |
| author_sort | Luis A. Scolaro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our perspective on nature has changed throughout history and at the same time has affected directly or indirectly our perception of biological processes. In that sense, the “fluxus” of information in a viral population arises a result of a much more complex process than the encoding of a protein by a gene, but as the consequence of the interaction between all the components of the genome and its products: DNA, RNA, and proteins and its modulation by the environment. Even modest “agents of life” like viruses display an intricate way to express their information. This conclusion can be withdrawn from the huge quantity of data furnished by new and potent technologies available now to analyze viral populations. Based on this premise, evolutive processes for viruses are now interpreted as a simultaneous and coordinated phenomenon that leads to global (i.e., not gradual or ‘random’) remodeling of the population. Our system of study involves the modulation of herpes simplex virus populations through the selective pressure exerted by carrageenans, natural compounds that interfere with virion attachment to cells. On this line, we demonstrated that the passaging of virus in the presence of carrageenans leads to the appearance of progeny virus phenotipically different from the parental seed, particularly, the emergence of syncytial (syn) variants. This event precedes the emergence of mutations in the population which can be readily detected five passages after from the moment of the appearance of syn virus. This observation can be explained taking into consideration that the onset of phenotypic changes may be triggered by “environmental-sensitive” glycoproteins. These “environmental-sensitive” glycoproteins may act by themselves or may transmit the stimulus to “adapter” proteins, particularly, proteins of the tegument, which eventually modulate the expression of genomic products in the “virocell.” The modulation of the RNA network is a common strategy of the virocell to respond to environmental changes. This “fast” adaptive mechanism is followed eventually by the appearance of mutations in the viral genome. In this paper, we interpret these findings from a philosophical and scientific point of view interconnecting epigenetic action, exerted by carragenans from early RNA network–DNA interaction to late DNA mutation. The complexity of HSV virion structure is an adequate platform to envision new studies on this topic that may be complemented in a near future through the analysis of the genetic dynamics of HSV populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:34:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0fd3f67517e46d1aa90daf277520d68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:34:28Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0fd3f67517e46d1aa90daf277520d682022-12-22T01:41:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-12-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.02625298951Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus PopulationsLuis A. Scolaro0Julieta S. Roldan1Julieta S. Roldan2Clara Theaux3Elsa B. Damonte4Elsa B. Damonte5Maria J. Carlucci6Maria J. Carlucci7Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaOur perspective on nature has changed throughout history and at the same time has affected directly or indirectly our perception of biological processes. In that sense, the “fluxus” of information in a viral population arises a result of a much more complex process than the encoding of a protein by a gene, but as the consequence of the interaction between all the components of the genome and its products: DNA, RNA, and proteins and its modulation by the environment. Even modest “agents of life” like viruses display an intricate way to express their information. This conclusion can be withdrawn from the huge quantity of data furnished by new and potent technologies available now to analyze viral populations. Based on this premise, evolutive processes for viruses are now interpreted as a simultaneous and coordinated phenomenon that leads to global (i.e., not gradual or ‘random’) remodeling of the population. Our system of study involves the modulation of herpes simplex virus populations through the selective pressure exerted by carrageenans, natural compounds that interfere with virion attachment to cells. On this line, we demonstrated that the passaging of virus in the presence of carrageenans leads to the appearance of progeny virus phenotipically different from the parental seed, particularly, the emergence of syncytial (syn) variants. This event precedes the emergence of mutations in the population which can be readily detected five passages after from the moment of the appearance of syn virus. This observation can be explained taking into consideration that the onset of phenotypic changes may be triggered by “environmental-sensitive” glycoproteins. These “environmental-sensitive” glycoproteins may act by themselves or may transmit the stimulus to “adapter” proteins, particularly, proteins of the tegument, which eventually modulate the expression of genomic products in the “virocell.” The modulation of the RNA network is a common strategy of the virocell to respond to environmental changes. This “fast” adaptive mechanism is followed eventually by the appearance of mutations in the viral genome. In this paper, we interpret these findings from a philosophical and scientific point of view interconnecting epigenetic action, exerted by carragenans from early RNA network–DNA interaction to late DNA mutation. The complexity of HSV virion structure is an adequate platform to envision new studies on this topic that may be complemented in a near future through the analysis of the genetic dynamics of HSV populations.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02625/fullherpes simplex virusvirus–host interactionsmicroRNAsnon-coding RNAsregulatory networksepigenetic |
| spellingShingle | Luis A. Scolaro Julieta S. Roldan Julieta S. Roldan Clara Theaux Elsa B. Damonte Elsa B. Damonte Maria J. Carlucci Maria J. Carlucci Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations Frontiers in Microbiology herpes simplex virus virus–host interactions microRNAs non-coding RNAs regulatory networks epigenetic |
| title | Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations |
| title_full | Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations |
| title_short | Experimental Aspects Suggesting a “Fluxus” of Information in the Virions of Herpes Simplex Virus Populations |
| title_sort | experimental aspects suggesting a fluxus of information in the virions of herpes simplex virus populations |
| topic | herpes simplex virus virus–host interactions microRNAs non-coding RNAs regulatory networks epigenetic |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02625/full |
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