The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis
Abstract Background Nuclear endosperm development is a common mechanism among Angiosperms, including Arabidopsis. During nuclear development, the endosperm nuclei divide rapidly after fertilization without cytokinesis to enter the syncytial phase, which is then followed by the cellularized phase. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2022-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03399-3 |
| _version_ | 1819229003027841024 |
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| author | Tobias Hoffmann Xiuling Shi Chuan-Yu Hsu Aakilah Brown Quintera Knight La’ Shyra Courtney Ruqiyah J. Mukarram Dongfang Wang |
| author_facet | Tobias Hoffmann Xiuling Shi Chuan-Yu Hsu Aakilah Brown Quintera Knight La’ Shyra Courtney Ruqiyah J. Mukarram Dongfang Wang |
| author_sort | Tobias Hoffmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nuclear endosperm development is a common mechanism among Angiosperms, including Arabidopsis. During nuclear development, the endosperm nuclei divide rapidly after fertilization without cytokinesis to enter the syncytial phase, which is then followed by the cellularized phase. The endosperm can be divided into three spatial domains with distinct functions: the micropylar, peripheral, and chalazal domains. Previously, we identified two putative small invertase inhibitors, InvINH1 and InvINH2, that are specifically expressed in the micropylar region of the syncytial endosperm. In addition, ectopically expressing InvINH1 in the cellularized endosperm led to a reduction in embryo growth rate. However, it is not clear what are the upstream regulators responsible for the specific expression of InvINHs in the syncytial endosperm. Results Using protoplast transient expression system, we discovered that a group of type I MADS box transcription factors can form dimers to activate InvINH1 promoter. Promoter deletion assays carried out in the protoplast system revealed the presence of an enhancer region in InvINH1 promoter, which contains several consensus cis-elements for the MADS box proteins. Using promoter deletion assay in planta, we further demonstrated that this enhancer region is required for InvINH1 expression in the syncytial endosperm. One of the MADS box genes, AGL62, is a key transcription factor required for syncytial endosperm development. Using promoter-GFP reporter assay, we demonstrated that InvINH1 and InvINH2 are not expressed in agl62 mutant seeds. Collectively, our data supports the role of AGL62 and other type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of InvINHs expression in the syncytial endosperm. Conclusions Our findings revealed several type I MADS box genes that are responsible for activating InvINH1 in the syncytial endosperm, which in turn regulates embryo growth rate during early stage of seed development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:06:15Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:06:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0fe5a9ee7dc414f8a44d34028f9b57c2022-12-21T17:49:29ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292022-01-0122111310.1186/s12870-021-03399-3The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in ArabidopsisTobias Hoffmann0Xiuling Shi1Chuan-Yu Hsu2Aakilah Brown3Quintera Knight4La’ Shyra Courtney5Ruqiyah J. Mukarram6Dongfang Wang7Biology Department, Spelman CollegeBiology Department, Spelman CollegeInstitute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State UniversityBiology Department, Spelman CollegeBiology Department, Spelman CollegeBiology Department, Spelman CollegeBiology Department, Spelman CollegeBiology Department, Spelman CollegeAbstract Background Nuclear endosperm development is a common mechanism among Angiosperms, including Arabidopsis. During nuclear development, the endosperm nuclei divide rapidly after fertilization without cytokinesis to enter the syncytial phase, which is then followed by the cellularized phase. The endosperm can be divided into three spatial domains with distinct functions: the micropylar, peripheral, and chalazal domains. Previously, we identified two putative small invertase inhibitors, InvINH1 and InvINH2, that are specifically expressed in the micropylar region of the syncytial endosperm. In addition, ectopically expressing InvINH1 in the cellularized endosperm led to a reduction in embryo growth rate. However, it is not clear what are the upstream regulators responsible for the specific expression of InvINHs in the syncytial endosperm. Results Using protoplast transient expression system, we discovered that a group of type I MADS box transcription factors can form dimers to activate InvINH1 promoter. Promoter deletion assays carried out in the protoplast system revealed the presence of an enhancer region in InvINH1 promoter, which contains several consensus cis-elements for the MADS box proteins. Using promoter deletion assay in planta, we further demonstrated that this enhancer region is required for InvINH1 expression in the syncytial endosperm. One of the MADS box genes, AGL62, is a key transcription factor required for syncytial endosperm development. Using promoter-GFP reporter assay, we demonstrated that InvINH1 and InvINH2 are not expressed in agl62 mutant seeds. Collectively, our data supports the role of AGL62 and other type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of InvINHs expression in the syncytial endosperm. Conclusions Our findings revealed several type I MADS box genes that are responsible for activating InvINH1 in the syncytial endosperm, which in turn regulates embryo growth rate during early stage of seed development.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03399-3MADS-boxInvertase inhibitorEndospermPRC2Seed development |
| spellingShingle | Tobias Hoffmann Xiuling Shi Chuan-Yu Hsu Aakilah Brown Quintera Knight La’ Shyra Courtney Ruqiyah J. Mukarram Dongfang Wang The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis BMC Plant Biology MADS-box Invertase inhibitor Endosperm PRC2 Seed development |
| title | The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | identification of type i mads box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm specific invertase inhibitor in arabidopsis |
| topic | MADS-box Invertase inhibitor Endosperm PRC2 Seed development |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03399-3 |
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