Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients
The current influenza vaccines are unable to provide effective protection in many cases, like influenza viruses strain antigenic drift or shift, and the influenza continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. Improving the immune response to influenza vaccination is an unmet need. T...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111886/full |
| _version_ | 1811159005770285056 |
|---|---|
| author | Danping Zhao Xiuhong Chen Linyuan Wang Jianjun Zhang Ruilin Lv Lingyun Tan Yawen Chen Ran Tao Xinyu Li Yan Chen Wei He Jing He |
| author_facet | Danping Zhao Xiuhong Chen Linyuan Wang Jianjun Zhang Ruilin Lv Lingyun Tan Yawen Chen Ran Tao Xinyu Li Yan Chen Wei He Jing He |
| author_sort | Danping Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current influenza vaccines are unable to provide effective protection in many cases, like influenza viruses strain antigenic drift or shift, and the influenza continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. Improving the immune response to influenza vaccination is an unmet need. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients are commonly known to have immunomodulatory properties. We therefore compared influenza vaccination alone or formulated with Astragali Radix (Huangqi in Chinese), and several representative ingredients of TCM, including lentinan (polysaccharide), panax notoginseng saponins (saponin), breviscapine (flavone), andrographolide (terpenoid), and a Chinese herbal compound (kangai) for their potential to enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine in mice. We found that all these TCM-adjuvants were able to increase hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, splenic T cell differentiation, bone marrow dendritic cell maturity, and both Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion of influenza vaccine to varying degrees, and that had the characteristics of no excessive inflammatory responses and bidirectional regulation simultaneously. Taken together, our findings show that Astragali Radix exerts a more comprehensive effect on vaccine immunity, on both innate and adaptive immunity. The effects of lentinan and andrographolide on adaptive immunity were more significant, while the effects of breviscapine on innate immunity were stronger, and the other two TCM adjuvants were weaker. As the first report of a comprehensive evaluation of TCM adjuvants in influenza vaccines, the results suggest that TCM and their active ingredients are good candidates for enhancing the immune response of influenza vaccines, and that suitable TCMs can be selected based on the adjuvant requirements of different vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:33:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c0ff6a9f3042461fb92628751119ddeb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:33:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c0ff6a9f3042461fb92628751119ddeb2023-03-07T04:54:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-03-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.11118861111886Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredientsDanping Zhao0Xiuhong Chen1Linyuan Wang2Jianjun Zhang3Ruilin Lv4Lingyun Tan5Yawen Chen6Ran Tao7Xinyu Li8Yan Chen9Wei He10Jing He11School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, ChinaSchool of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaThe current influenza vaccines are unable to provide effective protection in many cases, like influenza viruses strain antigenic drift or shift, and the influenza continues to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality. Improving the immune response to influenza vaccination is an unmet need. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients are commonly known to have immunomodulatory properties. We therefore compared influenza vaccination alone or formulated with Astragali Radix (Huangqi in Chinese), and several representative ingredients of TCM, including lentinan (polysaccharide), panax notoginseng saponins (saponin), breviscapine (flavone), andrographolide (terpenoid), and a Chinese herbal compound (kangai) for their potential to enhance immune responses to influenza vaccine in mice. We found that all these TCM-adjuvants were able to increase hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation, splenic T cell differentiation, bone marrow dendritic cell maturity, and both Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion of influenza vaccine to varying degrees, and that had the characteristics of no excessive inflammatory responses and bidirectional regulation simultaneously. Taken together, our findings show that Astragali Radix exerts a more comprehensive effect on vaccine immunity, on both innate and adaptive immunity. The effects of lentinan and andrographolide on adaptive immunity were more significant, while the effects of breviscapine on innate immunity were stronger, and the other two TCM adjuvants were weaker. As the first report of a comprehensive evaluation of TCM adjuvants in influenza vaccines, the results suggest that TCM and their active ingredients are good candidates for enhancing the immune response of influenza vaccines, and that suitable TCMs can be selected based on the adjuvant requirements of different vaccines.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111886/fullinfluenza vaccinetraditional Chinese medicineactive ingredientsadjuvantimmune responses |
| spellingShingle | Danping Zhao Xiuhong Chen Linyuan Wang Jianjun Zhang Ruilin Lv Lingyun Tan Yawen Chen Ran Tao Xinyu Li Yan Chen Wei He Jing He Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients Frontiers in Microbiology influenza vaccine traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients adjuvant immune responses |
| title | Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients |
| title_full | Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients |
| title_fullStr | Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients |
| title_short | Improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients |
| title_sort | improvement influenza vaccine immune responses with traditional chinese medicine and its active ingredients |
| topic | influenza vaccine traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients adjuvant immune responses |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111886/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danpingzhao improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT xiuhongchen improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT linyuanwang improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT jianjunzhang improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT ruilinlv improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT lingyuntan improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT yawenchen improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT rantao improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT xinyuli improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT yanchen improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT weihe improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients AT jinghe improvementinfluenzavaccineimmuneresponseswithtraditionalchinesemedicineanditsactiveingredients |