Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>
The silverleaf whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major threat to field and horticultural crops worldwide. Persistent use of insecticides for the management of this pest is a lingering problem. In the present study, the status of sensitivity of <...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| author | Mritunjoy Barman Snigdha Samanta Himanshu Thakur Swati Chakraborty Arunava Samanta Amalendu Ghosh Jayanta Tarafdar |
| author_facet | Mritunjoy Barman Snigdha Samanta Himanshu Thakur Swati Chakraborty Arunava Samanta Amalendu Ghosh Jayanta Tarafdar |
| author_sort | Mritunjoy Barman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The silverleaf whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major threat to field and horticultural crops worldwide. Persistent use of insecticides for the management of this pest is a lingering problem. In the present study, the status of sensitivity of <i>B. tabaci</i> to two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, was evaluated. The expression pattern of two cytochrome P450 (<i>cyp</i>) genes and changes in the relative amount of symbionts in insecticide-treated <i>B. tabaci</i> were also assessed. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies indicate that the <i>CYP6CM1</i> and <i>CYP6CX1</i> genes were always expressed higher in imidacloprid-treated whitefly, suggesting a correlation between gene expression and the insect’s ability to detoxify toxic compounds such as insecticides. In addition, the thiamethoxam-treated population harbored higher <i>Portiera</i> and lower <i>Rickettsia</i> titers, whereas the imidacloprid-treated population harbored more <i>Rickettsia</i> at different time intervals. Interestingly, we also examined that an increase in exposure to both the insecticides resulted in a reduction in the mutualistic partners from their insect host. These differential responses of endosymbionts to insecticide exposure imply the complex interactions among the symbionts inside the host insect. The results also provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance development that might be useful for formulating effective management strategies to control <i>B. tabaci</i> by manipulating symbionts and detoxifying genes. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:43:16Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c10153a0696f4782bf6400395371d3af2023-11-22T08:07:57ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-08-0112874210.3390/insects12080742Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>Mritunjoy Barman0Snigdha Samanta1Himanshu Thakur2Swati Chakraborty3Arunava Samanta4Amalendu Ghosh5Jayanta Tarafdar6Department of Agricultural Entomology, BCKV, Mohanpur 721436, IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Entomology, BCKV, Mohanpur 721436, IndiaDepartment of Entomology, C.S.K. Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, BCKV, Nadia, Kalyani 741245, IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Entomology, BCKV, Mohanpur 721436, IndiaDivision of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, BCKV, Nadia, Kalyani 741245, IndiaThe silverleaf whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major threat to field and horticultural crops worldwide. Persistent use of insecticides for the management of this pest is a lingering problem. In the present study, the status of sensitivity of <i>B. tabaci</i> to two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, was evaluated. The expression pattern of two cytochrome P450 (<i>cyp</i>) genes and changes in the relative amount of symbionts in insecticide-treated <i>B. tabaci</i> were also assessed. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies indicate that the <i>CYP6CM1</i> and <i>CYP6CX1</i> genes were always expressed higher in imidacloprid-treated whitefly, suggesting a correlation between gene expression and the insect’s ability to detoxify toxic compounds such as insecticides. In addition, the thiamethoxam-treated population harbored higher <i>Portiera</i> and lower <i>Rickettsia</i> titers, whereas the imidacloprid-treated population harbored more <i>Rickettsia</i> at different time intervals. Interestingly, we also examined that an increase in exposure to both the insecticides resulted in a reduction in the mutualistic partners from their insect host. These differential responses of endosymbionts to insecticide exposure imply the complex interactions among the symbionts inside the host insect. The results also provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance development that might be useful for formulating effective management strategies to control <i>B. tabaci</i> by manipulating symbionts and detoxifying genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/742qPCRgene expressioncytochrome P450<i>Portiera</i><i>Rickettsia</i>management |
| spellingShingle | Mritunjoy Barman Snigdha Samanta Himanshu Thakur Swati Chakraborty Arunava Samanta Amalendu Ghosh Jayanta Tarafdar Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Insects qPCR gene expression cytochrome P450 <i>Portiera</i> <i>Rickettsia</i> management |
| title | Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> |
| title_full | Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> |
| title_short | Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> |
| title_sort | effect of neonicotinoids on bacterial symbionts and insecticide resistant gene in whitefly i bemisia tabaci i |
| topic | qPCR gene expression cytochrome P450 <i>Portiera</i> <i>Rickettsia</i> management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/742 |
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