Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT
Direct-to-Satellite IoT (DtS-IoT) is a promising approach to deliver data transfer services to IoT devices in remote areas where deploying terrestrial infrastructure is not appealing or feasible. In this context, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can serve as passing-by IoT gateways to which devices...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9825690/ |
| _version_ | 1811293291736465408 |
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| author | Guido Alvarez Juan A. Fraire Khaled Abdelfadeel Hassan Sandra Cespedes Dirk Pesch |
| author_facet | Guido Alvarez Juan A. Fraire Khaled Abdelfadeel Hassan Sandra Cespedes Dirk Pesch |
| author_sort | Guido Alvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Direct-to-Satellite IoT (DtS-IoT) is a promising approach to deliver data transfer services to IoT devices in remote areas where deploying terrestrial infrastructure is not appealing or feasible. In this context, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can serve as passing-by IoT gateways to which devices can offload buffered data to. However, transmission distances and channel dynamics, combined with highly constrained devices on the ground makes of DtS-IoT a very challenging problem. Here, we present LoRa-based approaches to realize scalable and energy-efficient DtS-IoT. Our study includes the Long Range-Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) physical layer, currently on the roadmap of future space IoT projects. Specifically, we propose uplink transmission policies that exploit satellite trajectory information. These schemes are framed with a theoretical Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model providing an upper bound on performance as well as inspiration for scheduled DtS-IoT solutions. Simulation results provide compelling evidence that trajectory based policies can duplicate the amount of IoT nodes, while specific variants can further boost the scalability by 30% without incurring energy penalties. We also quantify that LR-FHSS can improve the deployment scalability by a factor of 75x at the expenses of 30% higher device’s power consumption compared to the legacy LoRa modulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:59:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c102c76981914b78a00edf7da467f366 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T04:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-c102c76981914b78a00edf7da467f3662022-12-22T03:01:24ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110726877270110.1109/ACCESS.2022.31896479825690Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoTGuido Alvarez0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-5414Juan A. Fraire1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9816-6989Khaled Abdelfadeel Hassan2Sandra Cespedes3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-2644Dirk Pesch4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-5705Argentinian Space Agency (CONAE), Córdoba, ArgentinaINSA Lyon, National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria), Université de Lyon, Lyon, CITI, FranceDanalto, Dublin 2, IrelandDepartment of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, CanadaSchool of Computer Science and IT, University College Cork, Cork 21, IrelandDirect-to-Satellite IoT (DtS-IoT) is a promising approach to deliver data transfer services to IoT devices in remote areas where deploying terrestrial infrastructure is not appealing or feasible. In this context, low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can serve as passing-by IoT gateways to which devices can offload buffered data to. However, transmission distances and channel dynamics, combined with highly constrained devices on the ground makes of DtS-IoT a very challenging problem. Here, we present LoRa-based approaches to realize scalable and energy-efficient DtS-IoT. Our study includes the Long Range-Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (LR-FHSS) physical layer, currently on the roadmap of future space IoT projects. Specifically, we propose uplink transmission policies that exploit satellite trajectory information. These schemes are framed with a theoretical Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model providing an upper bound on performance as well as inspiration for scheduled DtS-IoT solutions. Simulation results provide compelling evidence that trajectory based policies can duplicate the amount of IoT nodes, while specific variants can further boost the scalability by 30% without incurring energy penalties. We also quantify that LR-FHSS can improve the deployment scalability by a factor of 75x at the expenses of 30% higher device’s power consumption compared to the legacy LoRa modulation.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9825690/Medium access controlLoRaLR-FHSSLoRaWANdirect-to-satellite IoT |
| spellingShingle | Guido Alvarez Juan A. Fraire Khaled Abdelfadeel Hassan Sandra Cespedes Dirk Pesch Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT IEEE Access Medium access control LoRa LR-FHSS LoRaWAN direct-to-satellite IoT |
| title | Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT |
| title_full | Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT |
| title_fullStr | Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT |
| title_short | Uplink Transmission Policies for LoRa-Based Direct-to-Satellite IoT |
| title_sort | uplink transmission policies for lora based direct to satellite iot |
| topic | Medium access control LoRa LR-FHSS LoRaWAN direct-to-satellite IoT |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9825690/ |
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