Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ensures adequately accessible water and management for all. Due to the rapid increase in population and industries along the Ganga river, it is necessary to estimate the water budget to fulfill the demand for water in the future. The Mann-Kendall...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364722002464 |
| _version_ | 1811342087475429376 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohd Sayeed Ul Hasan Abhishek Kumar Rai Zeesam Ahmad Faisal M. Alfaisal Mohammad Amir Khan Shamshad Alam Mehebub Sahana |
| author_facet | Mohd Sayeed Ul Hasan Abhishek Kumar Rai Zeesam Ahmad Faisal M. Alfaisal Mohammad Amir Khan Shamshad Alam Mehebub Sahana |
| author_sort | Mohd Sayeed Ul Hasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ensures adequately accessible water and management for all. Due to the rapid increase in population and industries along the Ganga river, it is necessary to estimate the water budget to fulfill the demand for water in the future. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test conducted on the Noah-Land Surface Model data for 72 years results in a maximum declining trend of water budget in the Yamuna Lower (Q = −3.82 BCM/year), and a minimum in the Damodar sub-basin (Q = −0.10 BCM/year). All the sub-basins show an increase in groundwater level (mbgl) except the Kali Sindh, which shows a decreasing trend (Q = −0.07 m/year). The percentage change was also estimated in all the sub-basins, including various parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, water budget, and temperature. The extremely severe groundwater drought was estimated using the Standard Groundwater Level Index (SGWLI), from which the values for the Ram Ganga Confluence (SGWLI = 2.44; 2005), Upper stream of Gomti (SGWLI = 2.06; 2014), Ghaghra (SGWLI = 2.22; 2005), Ram Ganga (SGWLI = 2.28; 2005), Yamuna Lower (SGWLI = 2.13; 2007), Kali Sindh (SGWLI = 2.30,2.67; 2002, 2003), Chambal Upper (SGWLI = 2.30,2.20; 2001, 2003), Son (SGWLI = 2.02; 2010), Gandak (SGWLI = 2.37; 2010), Kosi (SGWLI = 2.08; 2012), Damodar (SGWLI = 2.72; 2010), and Bhagirathi (SGWLI = 2.06; 2014) were obtained for a total of 62,050 observed well data.The obtained in-situ point data is converted into the surface raster using a geostatistical technique. Our results show a declining trend in the water budget of all the 19 sub-basins of the Ganga basin and also the groundwater drought in several parts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:03:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c10302f8883d4742bebb0609d3a64d88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1018-3647 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:03:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c10302f8883d4742bebb0609d3a64d882022-12-22T02:34:01ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Science1018-36472022-07-01345102065Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface modelMohd Sayeed Ul Hasan0Abhishek Kumar Rai1Zeesam Ahmad2Faisal M. Alfaisal3Mohammad Amir Khan4Shamshad Alam5Mehebub Sahana6Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Aliah University, New Town 700160, West Bengal, IndiaCentre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Civil Engineering, Aliah University, New Town 700160, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors.Department of Geography, School of Environment, Education & Development, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United KingdomThe United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) ensures adequately accessible water and management for all. Due to the rapid increase in population and industries along the Ganga river, it is necessary to estimate the water budget to fulfill the demand for water in the future. The Mann-Kendall (MK) test conducted on the Noah-Land Surface Model data for 72 years results in a maximum declining trend of water budget in the Yamuna Lower (Q = −3.82 BCM/year), and a minimum in the Damodar sub-basin (Q = −0.10 BCM/year). All the sub-basins show an increase in groundwater level (mbgl) except the Kali Sindh, which shows a decreasing trend (Q = −0.07 m/year). The percentage change was also estimated in all the sub-basins, including various parameters such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, water budget, and temperature. The extremely severe groundwater drought was estimated using the Standard Groundwater Level Index (SGWLI), from which the values for the Ram Ganga Confluence (SGWLI = 2.44; 2005), Upper stream of Gomti (SGWLI = 2.06; 2014), Ghaghra (SGWLI = 2.22; 2005), Ram Ganga (SGWLI = 2.28; 2005), Yamuna Lower (SGWLI = 2.13; 2007), Kali Sindh (SGWLI = 2.30,2.67; 2002, 2003), Chambal Upper (SGWLI = 2.30,2.20; 2001, 2003), Son (SGWLI = 2.02; 2010), Gandak (SGWLI = 2.37; 2010), Kosi (SGWLI = 2.08; 2012), Damodar (SGWLI = 2.72; 2010), and Bhagirathi (SGWLI = 2.06; 2014) were obtained for a total of 62,050 observed well data.The obtained in-situ point data is converted into the surface raster using a geostatistical technique. Our results show a declining trend in the water budget of all the 19 sub-basins of the Ganga basin and also the groundwater drought in several parts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364722002464GLDASGISLand Surface ModelM−K TestNoahWater Budget |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Sayeed Ul Hasan Abhishek Kumar Rai Zeesam Ahmad Faisal M. Alfaisal Mohammad Amir Khan Shamshad Alam Mehebub Sahana Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model Journal of King Saud University: Science GLDAS GIS Land Surface Model M−K Test Noah Water Budget |
| title | Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model |
| title_full | Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model |
| title_fullStr | Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model |
| title_short | Hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the Ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model |
| title_sort | hydrometeorological consequences on the water balance in the ganga river system under changing climatic conditions using land surface model |
| topic | GLDAS GIS Land Surface Model M−K Test Noah Water Budget |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364722002464 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohdsayeedulhasan hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel AT abhishekkumarrai hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel AT zeesamahmad hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel AT faisalmalfaisal hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel AT mohammadamirkhan hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel AT shamshadalam hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel AT mehebubsahana hydrometeorologicalconsequencesonthewaterbalanceinthegangariversystemunderchangingclimaticconditionsusinglandsurfacemodel |