Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article
Novel treatments are needed to address the lack of options for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Even though immunotherapy-based treatments have revolutionized the field in recent years, offering new opportunities for patients, there is still no curative therapy. Thus, non-immun...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/20/5210 |
| _version_ | 1797515099017052160 |
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| author | Arthur Bobin Cécile Gruchet Stéphanie Guidez Hélène Gardeney Laly Nsiala Makunza Mathilde Vonfeld Anthony Lévy Laura Cailly Florence Sabirou Thomas Systchenko Niels Moya Xavier Leleu |
| author_facet | Arthur Bobin Cécile Gruchet Stéphanie Guidez Hélène Gardeney Laly Nsiala Makunza Mathilde Vonfeld Anthony Lévy Laura Cailly Florence Sabirou Thomas Systchenko Niels Moya Xavier Leleu |
| author_sort | Arthur Bobin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Novel treatments are needed to address the lack of options for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Even though immunotherapy-based treatments have revolutionized the field in recent years, offering new opportunities for patients, there is still no curative therapy. Thus, non-immunologic agents, which have proven effective for decades, are still central to the treatment of multiple myeloma, especially for advanced disease. Building on their efficacy in myeloma, the development of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs has been pursued, and has led to the emergence of a novel generation of agents (e.g., carfilzomib, ixazomib, pomalidomide). The use of alkylating agents is decreasing in most treatment regimens, but melflufen, a peptide-conjugated alkylator with a completely new mechanism of action, offers interesting opportunities. Moreover, with the identification of novel targets, new drug classes have entered the myeloma armamentarium, such as XPO1 inhibitors (selinexor), HDAC inhibitors (panobinostat), and anti-BCL-2 agents (venetoclax). New pathways are still being explored, especially the possibility of a mutation-driven strategy, as biomarkers and targeted treatments are increasing. Though multiple myeloma is still considered incurable, the treatment options are expanding and are progressively becoming more diverse, largely because of the continuous development of non-immunologic agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:40:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c106d75affdb4a8cb728410309c072f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:40:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c106d75affdb4a8cb728410309c072f72023-11-22T17:42:04ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-10-011320521010.3390/cancers13205210Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review ArticleArthur Bobin0Cécile Gruchet1Stéphanie Guidez2Hélène Gardeney3Laly Nsiala Makunza4Mathilde Vonfeld5Anthony Lévy6Laura Cailly7Florence Sabirou8Thomas Systchenko9Niels Moya10Xavier Leleu11Department of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceDepartment of Hematology, CIC 1402, University Hospital, 86000 Poitiers, FranceNovel treatments are needed to address the lack of options for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Even though immunotherapy-based treatments have revolutionized the field in recent years, offering new opportunities for patients, there is still no curative therapy. Thus, non-immunologic agents, which have proven effective for decades, are still central to the treatment of multiple myeloma, especially for advanced disease. Building on their efficacy in myeloma, the development of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs has been pursued, and has led to the emergence of a novel generation of agents (e.g., carfilzomib, ixazomib, pomalidomide). The use of alkylating agents is decreasing in most treatment regimens, but melflufen, a peptide-conjugated alkylator with a completely new mechanism of action, offers interesting opportunities. Moreover, with the identification of novel targets, new drug classes have entered the myeloma armamentarium, such as XPO1 inhibitors (selinexor), HDAC inhibitors (panobinostat), and anti-BCL-2 agents (venetoclax). New pathways are still being explored, especially the possibility of a mutation-driven strategy, as biomarkers and targeted treatments are increasing. Though multiple myeloma is still considered incurable, the treatment options are expanding and are progressively becoming more diverse, largely because of the continuous development of non-immunologic agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/20/5210multiple myelomanon-immunologic agentsrelapsed or refractoryIMiDsproteasome inhibitorsXPO1 inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Arthur Bobin Cécile Gruchet Stéphanie Guidez Hélène Gardeney Laly Nsiala Makunza Mathilde Vonfeld Anthony Lévy Laura Cailly Florence Sabirou Thomas Systchenko Niels Moya Xavier Leleu Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article Cancers multiple myeloma non-immunologic agents relapsed or refractory IMiDs proteasome inhibitors XPO1 inhibitors |
| title | Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article |
| title_full | Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article |
| title_fullStr | Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article |
| title_short | Novel Non-Immunologic Agents for Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review Article |
| title_sort | novel non immunologic agents for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma a review article |
| topic | multiple myeloma non-immunologic agents relapsed or refractory IMiDs proteasome inhibitors XPO1 inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/20/5210 |
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